Oedipus The Great Essay

In the book Oedipus The King, there was a curse that stated that Oedipus was to kill his father, Laius, and marry his mother, Jocasta. So when Oedipus’ parents find out that Jocasta is pregnant they have the baby and give it to a man to take to the top of a mountain. But instead of the man taking the baby, Oedipus, to the mountain top he gave him to a family and the family then raised Oedipus. When Oedipus was older he was traveling to the town of Thebes when he ran across some people that demanded that Oedipus get off the road and let them get pass. Being himself Oedipus got mad and killed them all, what he did not know was that that was his father and when he got to Thebes he would marry his mother, the queen, and become the new king of Thebes. Oedipus always had trouble controlling his anger and in that moment it went all down hill. In Oedipus The King, written by Sophocles, Oedipus exhibits the following tragic flaws : he jumps to conclusions, he’s controlling, he has anger problems, and he’s too confident. The first tragic flaw of Oedipus is his problem of jumping to conclusions. In every bad situation with Oedipus, which happens to be quite frequent, he always assumes something before a conclusion ever occurs. He never just waits to see what someone has to say or to see what happens, it’s like he always controls the ending of every situation and he likes it until everything goes wrong. In the book Oedipus jumps to the conclusion that Tiresias is conspiring with Creon to keep the secret that they had killed King Laius. He does not consider the fact that they are looking out for him so that he wont expose himself. But Tiresias finally gets tired of the things that Oedipus is saying and he says, â€Å" I am going. But first I will say what I came here to say†¦ The man you are trying to find, with your threatening proclamations, the murderer of Laius that man is here in Thebes†¦ He will be revealed as brother and father of his children with whom he now lives, the son and husband of the woman who gave him birth, the murderer and marriage partner of his father. Go think this out. And if you find that I am wrong, then say I have no skill in prophecy†, Tiresias then leaves Oedipus standing there stunned(Oedipus the King pg. 40). After that Oedipus gets so upset and starts to yell and starts to tell the people of Thebes that Tiresias and Creon are lying. That they just want the blame off of themselves and on to him. He says this because he does not believe it and because he wants to make a scene and just wants to be the center of attention and he wants everyone on his side just in case something happens and he need someone to stick up for him. And because Oedipus is the king the people will listen to him because they trust him and they trust what he says when he says that he did not kill Laius. Another tragic flaw of Oedipus is the fact that he’s controlling. Oedipus controls, well he tries to control, everything that everyone does. He never wants anyone to say anything about Laius’ death or about his background. He tries to control every situation, every conversation and so forth. When he was talking to Tiresias, Tiresias decided to leave because his conversation with Oedipus was getting nowhere. Tiresias said, â€Å" I will go, then. Boy, lead me away†, and then Oedipus say, thinking he had to, said, â€Å" Yes take him away. While you’re here you are a hindrance, a nuisance; once out of the way you wont annoy me any more. † (Oedipus the King pg. 30 & 31). He thought that would make him seem in control of Tiresias life and the things he did in his life but Tiresias did not like that and he came back at Oedipus even harder making Oedipus go to his palace and think about what has just happened. The only logical thing that Oedipus could have been in control of was the town of Thebes because he was now the new king of Thebes, but everything was messed up when everyone found out that he had killed their previous king Laius. The next tragic flaw of Oedipus is his anger problems. In every situation with Oedipus he always ends up yelling at someone. He cant control his feelings and this problem will eventually end his life. Like with the conversation he was having with Creon they ended up having a screaming match because of Oedipus and his horrible tragic flaw of jumping to conclusions. Creon found out that Oedipus has put the death of their old king Laius in his and Tiresias’ hands. When Creon confronts Oedipus, Oedipus gets angry and says to Creon, â€Å" You! What are you doing here? Do you have the face to come to my palace-you who are convicted as my murderer, exposed as a robber attempting to steal my throne? †. He gets upset and has to have his wife/ mother, help get him under control and calmed down He acts like a little kid and the one person who can help keep him under control is his wife/ mother. Another tragic flaw of Oedipus is the fact that he is too confident. Its okay to be confident in yourself and what you do, but when you become too confident you can become cocky and sometimes over-bearing which indeed happens to Oedipus. Oedipus always goes around boasting about how he is king and that no one should step to him because he could have them killed, how he was the one to solve the riddle so he earned the the spot as king. With Oedipus, he takes the concept of being confident to a whole other level. He makes it seems as though being confident is something that should be thought about because it tears it whole world apart. So throughout Oedipus’ life he has been lied to and made and a fool of and mainly by himself. Oedipus’ problems are mainly because of his tragic flaws. His tragic flaws are the fact that he jumps to conclusions, he’s controlling, he has anger problems, and he’s too confident. Maybe some people may say that being confident is a good thing and that people should be confident but when you go to overboard and be outrageous with it, it just makes people hate you and try to make other people see that you are a horrible person and have a horrible personality.

Code of the Street Essay

The introduction chapter first explains the different types of neighborhoods that the city of Philadelphia has and each of the risks that go along with each neighborhood. Some of the neighborhoods are predominantly white, some are racially mixed, and some are predominately black. In the white-middle class neighborhoods, the neighborhood farthest away from the core downtown area, there is little crime and upscale restaurants and stores. In the racially mixed neighborhood the blacks and whites tend to get along but the whites are still aware that blacks are around. In the black neighborhoods public decency gets little respect. The author explains a story about a women stopping her car in the middle of the street and nobody says a word or beeps a horn. This is because nobody wants to start an uproar or see the women’s wrath. â€Å"This way, the code of the street provides an element of social organization and actually lessens the probability of violence. Code of the Street The main problems in the inner-black communities, is the interpersonal violence and aggression. This aggression and violence is the result from the lack of jobs, limited public services, the stigma of race, the fallout from rampant drug use, and drug trafficking on the streets. The street culture has evolved a â€Å"code of the street†, which amounts to a set of informal rules governing interpersonal public behavior, particularly violence. In the code of the streets everything is revolved around respect. With respect, people have peace and security in public. The respect needed in a city like Philadelphia can cause people to do wrong things, but respect is needed to live in a city like Philadelphia. Chapter 1 Decent and Street Families The beginning of chapter one explains that â€Å"decent† and â€Å"street† labels is the result of a social contest among individuals and families of the neighborhood. Even though a person might be a â€Å"decent†, that person might act like a â€Å"street†. Even though a person might be a â€Å"street† that person might act like a â€Å"decent†. This action is called code switching. Decent teenagers are more often engage in code switching. This is because decent  people don’t get the same respect as â€Å"street† people on the streets of Philadelphia. This causes decent people to do the same actions of street people. Street people pride themselves on living the thug life. These people are usually highly intelligent but lack the education needed. The street people tend to embrace the street code to the max and will live and die on the street. Decent Families From what I took from that section of the chapter is that decent families from the inner cities pride themselves on being like middle class nuclear families. The decent family prides themselves on working hard and making do with what they have. The decent family saves their money for material things. The decent family instills a sense of responsibility in its younger members. Most decent families have the father still living with them. The father is usually the head of the household and sets rules for his children. He is a very strict man trying to keep his children away from the street life. Street Families The street family lives by the code of the street. These families have very little resources compared to the decent family. The lives of street-oriented families are usually disorganized. Bills are usually unpaid but instead money will be spent on drugs, cigarettes, and liquor. Street families are usually considered to be lowlifes or bad people and are seen as a bad influence on the community. The kids of street families have it the hardest. These kids usually live in homes of crack addict mothers and drug dealing fathers. The kids learn from their parents and tend to grow up to be the same things. This is an example of the social learning theory. This is a prime example because the kids are learning this from the parents and then go on to do the same things their parents are doing. It is usually a cycle until someone in the family breaks it. Chapter 2 Campaigning for Respect This chapter in my opinion is the most important chapter in the book. The code of the streets is all about respect. Everything a person does on the streets is all for respect. Without respect the person will not be able to  survive on the streets. â€Å"Respect becomes critical for staying out of harm’s way.† To get respect on the streets a person might fight for it. Much of the code has to do with achieving and holding respect. The Social Shuffle The first chapter talked about decent kids trying to act like street kids, this section of the chapter is all about that. Decent kids grow up with street kids and the street kids usually bully the decent kids. To get respect the decent kids are typically fighting for respect so they are not bullied. â€Å"As a means for survival having a â€Å"name,† a reputation for being willing and able to fight is a way to get respect among peers.† The Self-Image Based on Juice Juice is a term in the streets that refers that there are no guarantees against challenges, because there are always people around looking for a fight in order to increase their share of respect. In the streets the right look can get a person respected. Physical appearance and clothes plays an important role in respect. If a person does not have the right clothes to fit it a way to get those materialist things is by taking possessions. The School as a Staging Area In class we learned that a young age kids get labeled. This label can be carried all the way through high school. In the code of the street I learned that even though the decent kids are good kids they would act like the label that gives them respect instead of the good label that they are. In Philadelphia most kids don’t take school seriously. To accept school would give in act white, to give up the value of the street for some other thing. This shows weakness and does not give respect on the street. Chapter 3 Drugs, Violence, and Street Crime Drugs and crime go hand and hand. The more drugs on the street the more crime is being committed. The same thing goes for jobs and education. The better education a person has, the more chance of a person finding a job. Kids from the inner city are pretty much are set to fail. The inner cities usually have poor education systems resulting in kids not having the proper  education to find a decent paying job. This is forcing kids to go into the streets and dealing drugs. This results in more crime for the cities. If cities would give kids a proper education then there would be less drugs, violence, and crime. This section in my opinion is the strain theory. The social structure around the children pressures them into committing street crimes. Chapter 4 The Mating Game The sentence that stood out to me the most in this chapter was â€Å"a street-oriented young man may rationalize his marriage as a â€Å"trap† into which the women has lured him.† The fact that young girls want to get pregnant at a young age to keep their baby daddy’s around is crazy to me. In society it is hard to afford a child when the person has a well-paying job. When an inner city child has a child that kid is set up to fail. The Baby Club The section of this chapter talks about how girls have the dream of a â€Å"good life† and to have that â€Å"good life† it is necessary to have a baby. It is the â€Å"cool† thing to have a baby in the inner city, as the book says. The girls have social clubs and peer groups that give social support for having a baby at a young age. In the inner city it was an accessory to have a baby and to have the coolest accessory, there was a need to get the baby decked out in the coolest/hippest clothes. This is an example of ration choice theory. Even though rational choice was not to have a child, the lack of emotion for the father and child caused the person to have a kid. Chapter 5 The Decent Daddy The Decent Daddy is someone that is respected in the neighborhood and in the household. This person is a true man. He respects his wife and provides for his kids. The wellbeing for his family is his main priority. In the inner city of Philadelphia there are not many of these people. In the inner city it is all about the game and money, and less about the family. This chapter showed many examples of decent men in the inner city and all the men cared about their family more than the street life. I believe if there were more men like this in the inner city this would be a positive example of a social learning theory. In class we talked mostly about how it is a negative  aspect of sociology, but this is a circumstance that it can be a positive. Chapter 7 John Turner’s Story The whole entire time I was reading John Turner’s story I was thinking â€Å"is the author trying to make us feel bad for this guy.† I did not feel bad at all for John Turner because if he didn’t bring that gun to solve a dispute he wouldn’t be in this situation. He got himself in this situation. From what the author said, John Turner was a big guy and more than likely could have defended himself without the need of a gun. John had many struggles after his day in court. He had a job, went to jail, started dealing drugs, found another job, and then lost the job. John wanted a life that was socially acceptable but his life in the streets altered those views. In class we learned about culture. It is the set of norms and values passed down from generation to generation in society. The code of the street is like cancer. It the code is in their genes and gets passed down from generation to generation. Conclusion: The Conversion of a Role Model Robert was very respected on the streets for his gang like mentality but got locked up in jail. In jail he learned that the hustle in the streets is not a good way of life. When he got out of jail, Robert started his own hotdog stand business. People on the streets recongnized that he was doing well in his life without committing criminal acts. The code of the streets is still in Roberts mind but he does not have to live by the code of the streets. My Honest opinion of the Book I feel like this book repeated itself way too much. I am a criminal justice major and have taken a gangs class and a lot of what I learned about in that class was in this book. The author could have saved 300 pages of paper by just writing the last sentence of the conclusion. â€Å"Unless serious efforts are made to address this problem and the cycle is broke, attitudes on both sides will become increasingly hardened, and alienation and violence, which claim victims black and white, poor and affluent, will likely worsen.†

Classical Approaches to Management Essay

Since the Industrial Revolution began over two hundred years ago, management practices have had to develop and become more clearly defined. The increasing mechanisation and automation that occurred changed how goods and services were produced dramatically. New theories and disciplines emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century as a response to these challenges facing management in a more industrialised age. These new ideas, known as The Classical Approaches to management became the essential building blocks of systems and techniques which help modern day managers effectively plan, organise and control their organisations in the most efficient manner possible. One of the first theories we will look at is was what is known as Scientific Management and was developed chiefly by Frederick Taylor (1856-1917). Taylor came from an engineering background and he highlighted the importance of finding the single best way to perform a particular task. He noted that by analysing every basic movement involved and timing each action in various different ways, you would soon find the quickest and easiest method as a result. As R.C.Appelby (1994) has argued; Taylor â€Å"codified and clearly stated practices which had been developing in many well-run factories†. This â€Å"Time study† approach was very important in helping manufacturing lines improve their productivity by cutting out inefficient, outdated methods of production. Currently, manufacturing industries incorporate methods engineering systems which developed from Taylors time study work to ensure the most efficient production process is in place. Total Quality Management is a modern management practice that relies on continually improving a company’s product or service. A Key factor in this is having a production process that works efficiently and reliably. Taylor also developed the â€Å"Exception Principle† which was to be used as a quality control measure on performance. This method works by detailing precisely the standard of performance to be achieved. The performance of all staff is monitored regularly. Any ineffective staff members that do not meet the standard set are taken note of, and adjustments can then be made to improve the quality of their work. The exception principle also works by identifying any employee who is greatly outperforming the standard set. This tracking of performance results also forms part of the Total Quality Management concept and Taylors work in this area can be seen as being significant in its development. Another key aspect of Taylor’s teachings,  which is still widely used in human resources departments today, was the scientific selection of staff. He asserted that employees should be recruited scientifically based on how their own education, skills and abilities matched the requirements of the job. Once the correct candidate had been hired, they should be given training to help them to perform their tasks to the highest standard possible. He recommended that any increased productivity from an employee should be rewarded financially too, thus incentivising the employee to work harder. These managerial practices are used in nearly all organisations where it has been recognised that an organisations workforce are its most important resource. The training and constant up skilling of the workforce is necessary to keep up with advances in technology and to give a company a competitive edge. Henri Fayol (1841-1925) also developed some theories on the importance of maintaining good relations between staff and management. In his work on what is known as Administrative management, Fayol developed 14 principles of management, one of whic h was â€Å"the stability of tenure â€Å". He recognised the importance of a low staff turnover to an organisations overall effectiveness. Modern management practice generally follows this principle today but also recognises the need to bring in fresh ideas and approaches from new staff to keep the right balance of experienced workers and enthusiastic new people. Another of Fayol s principles which is greatly in evidence today is that of â€Å"initiative†. He believed that employees should be encouraged to put forward their own ideas and be free to execute their tasks in ways they see best fit. This fosters an entrepreneurial environment in the workplace, where employees feel that their ideas are worthy and could form part of a new business plan. Modern IT companies like Google are using this classical approach which has greatly improved innovation and productivity from their employees which has resulted in huge success for the company. Interestingly, Google achieved number 4 on the prestigious Fortune 100 Best Compani es To Work For in 2011. H.L. Gantt(1861-1919) was a colleague of Taylor had some similar approaches. He agreed that management were obliged to provide proper training to its staff and that clearly defined tasks and goals would incentivise employees to perform well. Gantt developed charts for measuring the performance of various projects. These are known as Gantt Charts and are still used today by managers. It gives a quick overview as to how a project  is progressing in relation to its agreed timescale and general targets. A P.E.R.T analysis is another project control method which developed from Gantts bar chart. This Project Evaluation Review Technique works in a similar way to a bar chart, but it offers three possible outcomes of how each task will take in a given project, so as to be prepared for delays in the project or quicker than expected results. This method gives the manager more information to enable him to prepare for all eventualities. Human Resource management has developed into one of the more important areas of management practice. Employees are now regarded as an organisations key asset. R.C.Appleby has said managers must â€Å"know why employees act in the manner that they do†. This is necessary to know what motivates people and what changes could improve performance among a workforce. The Hawthorne Experiments that were conducted by Elton Mayo(1880-1949) and published in 1941 showed the results of phsychological experiments on workers at the Western Electric Company. The aim of the study was to establish the impact of different conditions of work on employee productivity. A group of workers were subjected to various working environment changes such as breaks, hours and managerial leadership.

Individual Consumer Decision-Making Process Paper Essay

Individual Consumer Decision-Making Process Paper - Essay Example In this paper, we will discuss the ways marketers can use the consumer decision-making process to drive buyer’s actions. The paper will also include a discussion on the impact of marketing on consumer satisfaction. As Tatum (n.d.) states, â€Å"with most customer buying process models, the approach begins with the determination by the consumer that he or she has a need or a want that must be fulfilled†. At this stage of consumer buying process, consumers identify their needs and then carryout a search for the available alternatives. At this stage, marketers determine the needs of the customers to know what strategies they should use to make people buy their products. Moreover, marketers can look at various aspects of the requirements of the customers to know whether their marketing strategies will be able to drive customer focus or they need some modifications to make their products attractive for the customers. Problem recognition stage is of great importance in the overall consumer buying process because this is the stage when a customer makes out whether he/she should continue with the buying process or not. This stage is dependent somewhat on the marketing of products. i.e. people first look at the advertisements of new products and then if they like some particular product, they make up their mind to continue the buying process. At this stage of the buying process, a customer searches for some available alternatives which are similar to the product they are intending to buy. If they find some better product from the same product range, they shift their choice to that item and discard their decision to buy the already chosen product. Consumers explore promotional materials and product’s history gain information about the desired product (Stroebel, 2011). From the perspective of consumers, search for the alternatives refer to the search for companies that manufacture the desired product. Marketers can play a vital role at this stage

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach Essay

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach - Essay Example Every human mind is related with nature at a certain plane. And not a single person can ignore its mighty existence and unending influence on the mind and life of a man. Some people are attracted to mighty snow–capped mountains, some to green vales. Some minds get lost in the mystery of the woods and some lose their heart at the roaring waves of an ocean which crushes at the beach and to touch their feet. The beauty of a golden beach lying as a stretch on the bank of a sea or an ocean is always attractive for most of the people. It does not captivate the obscurity of woods and hardship of mountains. For a perfect destination to relax, rejuvenate and feel the mirth and warmth of life, beach is the best resort. It does not involve any physical hardship to stay or reach a beach. And the beauty of a beach is always more exploring with the progress in the hour clock. The color scheme of the stretch of land changes with the changing season. This glorifies the aura of the beach attra cting millions of tourist across the world every year. Thesis Statement This essay intends to analyze and explore the reasons why a human mind seeks attraction to a beach and tries to describe the beauty and blessings of nature bestowed upon this physical feature on earth. Beauty of a Beach To many people it might seem at the outset that a stretch of land covered with sand and rock cannot seem actually beautiful. However, to many others who have been attracted, enchanted and mesmerized with the glory, charm and enigma of a beach know that what fascinates them towards the stretch of land in reality. The golden sand dunes and the rocky cliffs situated at the shore of a vast water-body yielding magnificent and gigantic waves is a sight to watch from a considerable distance. The gigantic waves roar like thunder and then crush and efface on the banks. It seems that their mighty existence somewhere fall short, minor and tiny in front of the golden stretch of land (United Nations Education al, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). The beach that is rocky or has cliffs is just another beautiful spectacle of nature. The waves evolving from the middle of the ocean, takes a magnificent aura before crushing down to the rocks and cliffs on the beach. It seems that those cliffs are the ring master of a circus taming a lion, making it ready for the show. The beast may roar, deny, show its magnanimity but before the rock-solid existence of the ring master and his agile hunter, the beast is ought to succumb and break down. The same spectacle evolves before the eyes of a person who stands at the rocky beach and watches the waves crushing down before the Rocky Mountains situated at the beach. The crushing of the waves produces beautiful foam which seems like some cluster of stray clouds on a blue sky. The poetic mind which operates above the mundane scientific theories of daily life perceives it as a reflection of the phenomena taking place up in the sky (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). Sunrise and sunset both occur with vivacity and grandeur at the beach. Sun and the sand play all through the day changing mood and color with the passing season. With its first ray the sun turns the beach into a casket of red light. The air gets warm slowly and the waves dance with the rays of the sun

Definition Essay: Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of Racism - Essay Example Racism was institutionalized and given support from all quarters of the government as well as parts of the society. The Blacks were denied their Civil Rights and opportunity to participate in any political, social and economic matters. Racism also accounts for heavy prejudice based on race that entails discrimination and segregation against the race that is inferior. Racism was a very powerful force to reckon with in American society and hence the Blacks were neither favored nor given any prominence for any of their talent, which includes their artistic or intellectual abilities. They were not given admission to good educational institutions nor were they allowed to enter theaters or Hotels. Racism could also be described as the hatred or intolerance of one race towards another. Before and during the wars the Whites felt it below their dignity to induct the Blacks into the army. It is only when all the vacancies had been filled by the Whites and they badly needed hands to help in the war, did they begin recruiting Blacks who bravely served the country all through the war- some of them were so heroic that they served until their last breath. Racism wears different masks – but basically, the psychological pre-condition for racism is nothing but anxiety or contempt towards another race in order to secure or reassure themselves of their own identity. On a Philosophical level, we could say that racism does not provide room either for the unknown or the strange. All the facets of racism are dependent on the socio-economic, cultural and religious condition of any given society which reflects the over-emphasis of the skin color of a particular race. Racism is of many kinds. For example, in European History we have what is called state – organized racism where thousands of Jews were persecuted in History’s worst holocaust.  Ã‚  

Figures for foreign language learning in different EU countries Assignment

Figures for foreign language learning in different EU countries - Assignment Example Languages are vital and need attention if the commission is to achieve capacity to increase productivity. Poor language skills, on the other hand, create obstacles to free movement of workers. People who cannot use foreign languages cannot secure cross-border employment that accelerates the home country’s ability to earn foreign exchange. English is becoming the first foreign language in the European Union. Kelly (2013) noted that English is the most taught foreign language, both in Europe and the world at large, because it plays a key role in daily life. Other foreign languages have also been identified as the primary accelerators towards the achievement of the European Commission’s 2020 plan. Therefore, member states make teaching and learning of foreign languages significantly more effective by ensuring proper quantity, quality, focus, guidance and monitoring. Kelly (2013) used secondary data methodology in carrying out his research study. In this method, the researcher collected data from available sources such as news articles, the European Union publications, and progress reports of ongoing foreign language learning projects. The main disadvantage of using secondary data methodology is that errors from the original data collection may be reflected in the current study. News articles are sometimes criticised because of lack of objective foundation for the data; information aired in the news are not researched well, but depend on public opinions. European Union publications are the most accurate sources of information that the author used to come up with the results. This is because the commission employs highly experienced researchers and data collected must be filtered to ascertain validity and reliability. The research study by Liepa and Ratniece (2013) focused on development of a model for studying a foreign language based on integrated language acquisition. The problem identified by Liepa and Ratniece (2013) in their research constituted

Individual development project (O.B course) Essay

Individual development project (O.B course) - Essay Example The main issue with the company I worked for that it lacked an appropriate leadership style that would best fit the company. In the decade when the company was facing problems and crisis the main problem was that it lost a good relationship and a factor of trust between the employees, labor and the top management. A leader in true sense is someone who leads his followers along the way or path towards their goals and objectives (Blanchard, Hersey & Johnson 2008). Leadership is the characteristic that will enable a person to inspire group of people to realize common interest or goal. Analysis of the issue The base of any organization rests on the philosophy, vision, goals and values of the management. As a result this drives the culture of the organization that is made up of the formal, informal and social environment of the organization. Basically it is the culture of the organization that determines the leadership type, group dynamics and communication within that organization (Glidd on, 2006). The culture, the leadership style, the communication, group dynamics are the things on which the perception of the worker is based and these are the things that direct the motivation degree of the worker. So at the company I worked in the decade of crisis and low performance these factors were not being addressed according to the expectation of the workers and labor as in the previous and present times. Trust is an expectation that is positive that another does not and will not by words, decisions and actions act opportunistically. Trust is based on two things mainly that are familiarity and risk. Trust has a lot of dimensions mainly like integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty and openness etc. Integrity relates to things like truthfulness and honesty, competence means the interpersonal and technical knowledge and skills, consistency relates to predictability, good judgment and reliability under various situations, loyalty means the willingness to safeguard and prote ct face for any other person and openness relates to the reliance on someone else to provide you the truth in full. There are three types of trusts that employees in any company can experience. One is deterrence or fear of punishment based trust, the other is identification or trust based on mutual understanding, appreciation for other people’s desires and wants, and the knowledge based or behavioral predictability based trust that roots back to the interaction history. At the company I worked the basic issue was that the trust was deterrence based. It means that the employees feared punishment and were forced to trust the CEO whereas they dint not like his leadership style at all. Solution of the issue In the world today effective managers should develop trusting relationship with the ones they seek to be leading. As with the increasing competition in the world the managers who lack this factor are not taken to be an effective. Organizations nowadays are strictly in search o f transformational leaders (Kaiser, 2009). The transformational leaders are the ones with vision and are charismatic to carry that vision. True leadership effectiveness is the product of exhibiting of right behaviors at the right time. Leader should be someone who has a personality, verbally adept, smart and likeable. Good leaders and managers know how to keep the environment of the organization competitive and cooperative at the same time (Hofstede, Gert, and Michael, 2010). The greatness of the organizati

Assignment Number Two Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Number Two Research Proposal - Assignment Example This has not only psychological and social but also economic dimensions as these issues also refer to an economic burden on an often already-strained health care system. In order to answer these issues that involve many psychological questions the suggestion is to answer these, i.e. the value of community support groups, by organising these around core questions into the perception of the care received by the elderly (â€Å"therapeutic efficacy†), their satisfaction with care given by health care personnel, feelings of being respected as real human beings, the role of family, friends and the community in fulfilling one’s needs for respect and improve one’s wellbeing, and to describe possible grievances regarding the encounter with the medical profession. Answers to these questions are assumed to shed light on the emotional wellbeing of older adults and their use of drugs, hospitals and home visits by nurses. To begin with, the aim is to give brief background info rmation on age in general and contextualize the research questions and their relevance in the literature and best practices regarding geriatric nursing. Reviewing the relevant literature we emphasize that age and needs as well as satisfaction with treatment is socially constructed and perceived in many different ways according to the values and assumptions that people (residents and their families, friends, networks) have about the nature of age, functioning and goals. Next, the research-team will be introduced, and a setting, a population-sample (purposive, cross-sectional and inclusive) and study design (longitudinal) are defined. Ethical considerations surrounding this research will also be noted (required consent and approval by research ethics committee). This also connects to the qualitative approach of this proposal and its choice of methodology, in particular semi-structured interviewing. Subsequently, the data to answer the questions are collected for later analysis and dis cussion in terms of themes surrounding perceptions and behaviour. The data analysis phase will again refer to relevant literature that may back or shed further light on the results. The findings will also be presented in tables and diagrams and limitations of the results will be noted. The eventual conclusion will summarize the findings and make recommendations that are both relevant to practice and policy (Rees, 2003). Background First, a little background regarding age, set in the context of the â€Å"developmental cycle† of families (Goody 1958). Goody has suggested that the family goes through various stages or phases of development, a so-called â€Å"developmental cycle†, where families are young and grow (with the addition of children) and â€Å"contract† and grow old as the offspring grows up, moves out and leaves the original family which now only consists of the parents or a single parent when the partner dies in old age. Literature Review Having descri bed the contents of the proposal, a focused analysis of relevant literary sources and notions in order to answer the research question is now given. The review reflects â€Å"

Managed healthcare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managed healthcare - Research Paper Example errors have been attributed to various factors including miscommunication, bad handwriting, and confusion in names, poor packaging, and other dosing unit errors. In most cases, the errors occur because of several complex factors throughout the health care system generated by both healthcare providers and patients. For example, we all have, at one time or another scratched our heads trying to figure out what a physician wrote on the prescription note. In this regards, the health information technological systems (HIT) have been introduced into the clinical setting to prevent and minimize medication errors occurrence but the menace â€Å"medication errors† still remains as a major problem and a danger to patient’s safety in the clinical care setting. One great milestone in the health care delivery and management system was the introduction of health information technology (HIT) to clinical care setting. An example of such solutions is the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system, which has marked a great milestone in healthcare delivery. Despite such improvements, statistics still indicate a worrying trend in medication error incidents (Chaudhry et al., 2006). Looking at a report by CDC in 2010, it showed that more thanâ€Å"700,000 emergency department visits and 120,000 hospitalizations were due to adverse drug events (ADEs) annually†. In 2005, the report given by CDC on death and hospital mortality rates indicated medication errors as the sixth leading cause of patient mortality, eight years down the line in 2013, medication errors was identified as the third leading cause of patient mortality (CDC, 2005, 2013). This can be attributed to lack guidelines, measures and policies to enhance the utilization of the s ystems as well as lack of the relevant information of the associated benefits with HIT systems utilization. Medication errors is a current issue in healthcare delivery and management that needs to be addressed with great care and concern. The

The Calculation of GNP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Calculation of GNP - Essay Example 120 x 22 = 2640. In 2005, 210 tennis racquets were sold. 210 x 120 = 25,200. 2640 + 25,200 = 27, 840. Let 2004 be the base year. In 2004, 100 CDs were sold. 100 x 22 = 2200. In 2004, 200 tennis racquets were sold. 200 x 120 = 24,000. 2200 + 24,000 = 26,200. Percent Growth = 100% x ((27,840-26,200)/26,200)) Percent Growth = 7.02% Using 2005 as a base year, the real GDP for 2004 is 26,200 and the real GDP for 2005 is 840. This shows an increase of 7.02%. 10/10 4. Review GDP over last 5 years from BEA's website and summarize trends> Discuss two or three events which may have caused these trends. Although the last five years did not experience any recessions, the years 2000 and 2001 were low points in economic growth. Incidentally, the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, all saw recessions in their first few years, so this slowing of economic growth early in the decade is not unusual (Orszag 2001). Like in other decades, after these first few slow years, the growth rate begins to accelerate again gradually through 2002 and 2003. At this point (late 2003, early 2004) we see a period of particularly fast growth (2003q3 9.3%, 2003q4 5.5%, 2004q1 8.1%) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2006). This may have been caused by government initiatives to give the economy a short-term boost for the year of the election (2004). If these initiatives were put into play half-way through 2003, it's possible that they were quite successful initially but only for a short time, and not very far into 2004. Although the GDP does rise in the 2004 and 2005, it's growth has been decelerating ever so slightly over the past two years. Still it remains fairly stable. The recent stability of the economy, despite extremely high energy prices, can be attributed to the relatively... At this point (late 2003, early 2004) we see a period of particularly fast growth (2003q3 9.3%, 2003q4 5.5%, 2004q1 8.1%) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2006). This may have been caused by government initiatives to give the economy a short-term boost for the year of the election (2004). If these initiatives were put into play half-way through 2003, it's possible that they were quite successful initially but only for a short time, and not very far into 2004. Although the GDP does rise in the 2004 and 2005, it's growth has been decelerating ever so slightly over the past two years. Still it remains fairly stable. The recent stability of the economy, despite extremely high energy prices, can be attributed to the relatively low unemployment rate throughout the last year (Sniderman, 2006). Sniderman, M. (April 2006). The Economy in Perspective. Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Retrieved April 15, 2006, from www.clevelandfed.org/Research/ET2006/0306/eip.pdf. Two formerly undeveloped economies, that of Singapore and that of Hong Kong, have shown unprecedented growth in the past fifty years. However, developing countries would benefit more from following an economic model similar to that of Singapore given the current economic trends and conditions.

The Effect of a Change in Language of Instruction on the Returns to Schooling in Morocco Essay Example for Free

The Effect of a Change in Language of Instruction on the Returns to Schooling in Morocco Essay According to this journal, in the last few decades, language reform has been a strong movement throughout the Kingdom of Morocco from a primarily French speaking country, to an Arabic speaking one. In the schools, the French teachers were removed and replaced with native speaking ones. Although the Curriculum changed, the books language did not, because many of the jobs available are in a French speaking language and nation. So, the economic value of the Moroccan people speaking French is greater than only speaking Arabic. In 1983, A process named â€Å"Arabization† by many, removed the French language and replaced it with Arabic. In schools in Morocco, many parents left their children in middle school until there was room for them in secondary school. In this article they have correlated the similarities between speaking the French language and The economy, and how each has affected each other. Islamic Radicalism Slows Moroccan Reforms. Steven Erlanger and Souad Mekhennet. New York Times. 26 August, 2009. According to this article, Morocco has been viewed as â€Å"a rare, liberalizing, Islamic State†¦that can live in peace with Israel. † (NY Times) King Mohammed VI is under extreme Islamic pressure and has slowed the pace of change. Although he says he is focused on democracy, according the article, it is more of just a facade. Many of the head officials have talked of a balance between freedom and democracy but many are worried of extremism. In 2003, bombings by Islamic radicals have increased tension in Morocco, and may have thwarted the attempts to make it a more accepting society. Since the Bombings, there has been a major crackdown on extremists in the country, going so far as to jail someone for having a long beard, and accusing them of terrorist activities because of this. Some say this is all over the top and the arrests are based on circumstantial evidence, but others such as Morocco’s intelligence leader stated that it was not based on political parties but a crack-down on terrorism. The king has decided to rid the country of the slums, in an attempt to smut out all radicalism. Although this crackdown has removed some extremism , it has interfered with human rights, especially that of people in jail. Background Note: Morocco. U. S Department of State. Bureau of Northeastern affairs. 12 March, 2012. This United states government website gives a profile of the geography, people, government, and economics of the Kingdom of Morocco. The location is North Africa on the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The population is listed as 34,859,364 people. Their GDP as of 2010 was $90. 5 million. According to this article, the Moroccan people are mainly Sunni Muslims of Arab descent. Arabic is Morocco’s official language but French is most widely taught. It also states that most people live west of the Atlas mountains, near Casablanca. Although education is compulsory, the average literacy rate is surprisingly low, around 30% for women, and approximately 65% for men, but in rural areas is expected to be about only 10% for women. During World War II there was a strong campaign for independence from France. Morocco finally gained its independence on March 2nd, 1956. Currently Moroccan Government is ruled by a monarchy, but now has a stronger parliament to help improve democracy and human rights. Introducing Morocco. Lonely Planet. Website. 20 January 2012. http://www. lonelyplanet. com/morocco This Travel site describes Morocco as a sensory overload. Tangier is considered a common first port of call, but Casablanca is the most recognizable due to its popularity from portrayals in movies. Their monetary system is the Dirham, which is comparable, 1 USD= 8. 15 (DH). It also states that their chief of state is Mohammad VI. The Article says that Malaria is no longer a problem in the country. CIA. The World Fact book. Website. https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049. html This site explains the main exports of Morocco, which are clothing and textiles, electrical components, crude minerals, fertilizers, petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, and fish. It is a very diverse, open-market economy. The economy over the years has seen steady growth with low inflation rates. The core of the economy revolves around agriculture, tourism, and apparel. Although they have had slow economic success, they still suffer from unemployment and poverty. Key challenges for the Moroccan economic system includes fighting corruption and reducing government spending. In 2006, Morocco entered a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, the only African country to have one. Morocco’s Labor force as of 2011 has 11. 6 million people approximately.

Since X Ray Was Discovered Health And Social Care Essay

Since X Ray Was Discovered Health And Social Care Essay Since x-ray was discovered by Roentgen in 1895, its medical application has grown to be a fast and dynamic imaging modality. Todays imaging department consists of an impressive array of diagnostic and therapeutic devices from x-ray machines, CT Scan, PET Scan, linear accelerator, which mainly use ionizing radiation for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses; and with the addition of ultrasound and MRI that use sound waves and magnets for diagnosis instead of x-rays. Thus, radiology is considered as the window of the healthcare institution and the radiologic technologists are the persons behind these state-of-the art machines. In the x-ray department, one of the divisions of radiology department, the x-ray machines are used for diagnoses of illnesses. For 100 years the film-screen system has been the imaging system of choice. This system uses radiographic film, screen and wet chemistry to generate an image just like conventional photography. Every RTs goal is to provide high quality images for accurate diagnosis; therefore each step is very critical. The RT must be equipped with knowledge and skills from anatomy, positioning and exposure techniques. One slight mistake can imperil the image and yields an unacceptable radiograph which entails repeat examination that primarily means additional radiation dose to the patient. This is one of the disadvantages of a film-screen system wherein once the film has been processed; there is no way to alter it. What you see is what you get. Fortunately, with the growing technology of imaging modalities came the introduction of digital imaging which follow the same concep t as digital cameras wherein brightness and contrast of the image can be changed and images can now be cropped. Its advantage compared to film-screen is very obvious, since images can be altered, repeat examinations, oftentimes is no longer necessary. The technology is superb and its debut has grown the curiosity of every RT whether it is efficient compared to the traditional system. And of course, it is. However, as with every other technology has its drawback. Since the new technology primarily uses computer and computer-aided equipments oftentimes do the entire job. The question lies wherein will the competence of the RT in terms of exposure technique factors be same as using the conventional way? Several international studies stated that because of the convenience of the system, the RTs using the machine oftentimes fail to consider the standard protocols in every technique selection because images can be manipulated later. Alteration of images from time to time should not be a daily scenario because manipulation sometimes interfere accurate diagnosis. As of the researchers knowledge, there are no known local related studies in the decline of RTs competence in using CR. One of the reasons may be this modality is still in the stage of introduction in the Philippines and that its implication is not yet intensively studied. But this does not stop the researchers to seek of finding out if there is indeed a decline in RTs competence with the new system. This study is a comparative-correlational research in determining the level of radiographic competence between film-screen system and CR on exposure technique factor selection. The main objectives of the researchers are to compare if there is a significant difference in terms of radiographic competence in the RT who uses film-screen from CR and to determine if the respondents profile and agency has a significant relationship in terms of radiographic competence. Base on the result of the study, the researchers will be able to assess the essential skills needed for the profession. Technolo gy indeed has helped us in many ways. However, without the competence of the professional manipulating the equipment is futile. This means that the technologist who has the sole responsibility of manning the state-of-the art equipment should not rely from technology, instead technology should rely on them. REVIEW OF LITERATURE This study primarily aims to compare the level of radiographic competence on exposure technique factor selection between film-screen system and computed radiography (CR). Exposure technique factor selection is an important foundation for these two types of image receptor (IR) or imaging system. Image receptor is a device that converts x-rays into visible light. Competence should not vary whether the radiologic technologist (RT) is using the conventional or digital system, otherwise, it will defeat the intensive study of the exposure techniques during the undergraduate years. Furthermore, providing appropriate exposure techniques is paramount in the profession since these techniques also mean radiation dosage on the part of the patient. According to Fauber Johnston (2012), the radiographers actions at the control panel directly determine the nature and the make-up of the x-ray beam. This means that the selected exposure technique factor is directly proportional to patient dose. In ad dition, it is the responsibility of the radiographer to learn the philosophy, factors and methods that minimizes ionizing radiation exposure to the patient (Callaway, 1996). This also means that an RT is providing quality patient care when he/she gives an adequate and necessary amount of radiation to the patient. Competence in Radiologic Technologist Klemp (1980) defined competence as an underlying characteristic of a person which results in effective and/or superior performance on the job. A competent person is imbued with the right knowledge, skills and attitude on a particular task. Other authors define competence as a cluster or related knowledge, skills, and attitudes that reflects a major portion of ones job, which has a relationship in the performance on the job that can be measured with well-accepted standards, and that can be improved with training and development (Parry, 1996). In radiologic technology, for example, an newly licensed RT already possess cognitive and motor skills at an entry level, however, it can only be enhanced through proper and consistent training in a chosen specialized field during the course of his/her work as an RT. Knowledge, Skills, Attitude As mentioned, competence is a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes. These components are essential as a whole because the absence of one component greatly affects ones performance. According to Dowd (1996), knowledge as part of competence includes theories and concepts which were gained as a result of the experience of performing certain tasks. Furthermore, in the field of radiologic technology he added that knowledge includes job-specific terminology, methods of organizing information and an understanding of principles and generalizations. On the other hand, Hans Reynold in 1928 defined skill as combined mental and physical qualities which make it useful to industry. Knowledge if combined with skills is important in the workplace. Furthermore, one cannot develop a skill without knowledge and at higher levels, knowledge are converted to skills (Klieme, 2004.) The last component that determines competence is the attitude. The attitude such as beliefs, values, traits, and motives is a part of competence because it indicates the persons response to a particular event or situation. Attitude refers to the predisposition or mental state of individuals/users towards a product, ideas, or attributes. It also implies on mental readiness on a particular object or his attributes toward an object or his preferences. (Hulse Dowd, 1996). In the field of radiologic technology, competence does not only mean that the RT is equipped with the knowledge and skills but RT is also imbued with the right attitude and judgment to provide each patient with quality care On Radiographic Competence In the field of radiologic technology, one aspect of the profession requires competent skills in radiographic exposure factor technique. The said competence is essential especially in the diagnostic x-ray imaging, wherein exposure factors are the key to accurate diagnosis and providing radiation dosage to minimum level. For 100 years, film-screen technique has been the method of choice in radiographic imaging (Bushong 2009). Film-screen system uses radiographic films, radiographic intensifying screens and wet chemistry to make the image visible. Furthermore, this conventional system should adhere to the standards of the darkroom requirements. Film-screen system has the same concept as a typical conventional camera. In a film-screen technique, radiologic technologist should be certain on the exposure factors to be applied in a particular exposure because improper selection of exposure factors can lead to overexposure or underexposure of the film. Overexposure or underexposure degrades image quality and therefore, it can lead to rejection of film, thus necessitates the need for repeat examination. Repeat examination provides unnecessary dose to the patient and additional costs to the department. On the other hand, as with the other innovations in technology, diagnostic imaging has shifted its course from conventional to digital. Computer applications are employed nowadays in diagnostic imaging modalities. An appropriate analogy that is easy for most people to understand is the replacement of typical film cameras with digital cameras: images can be taken, immediately examined, deleted, corrected, and cropped, and subsequently sent to a network of computers. Computed radiography system (CR) is an affordable solution to digital imaging. Instead of the film, CR employs an imaging plate to capture x-rays and makes it visible when the plate is scanned into a computer and digitized it. Once the image is converted to data, it can be recorded on a laser printed film or can be transmitted and stored digitally. It has special features like manipulation or enhancement of the image. Its specialized software is used to image viewing with enhanced functions similar to film-screen system, s uch as contrast, brightness, and zoom. (dicomsolutions.com, 2011). Computed radiography has practical technical advantages compared with conventional techniques, such as wide contrast dynamic range, post-processing functionality, multiple image viewing options, and electronic transfer and archiving possibilities. In this system, image quality can be achieved because of the post-processing techniques that are not possible with film-screen system. This system is convenient for the technologists because the RT can compensate for exposure technique inaccuracies by adjusting the technique during post-processing phase of the image rather than that time of exposure. In radiologic technology field, competence means that the RT is equipped with the knowledge, skills, attitude and judgment to provide each patient with quality care. According to Olavidez (2005), competence is essential in the field of Radiologic Technology because RT is a fast growing profession; RT deals with human lives and most of all, the RT curriculum is not enough to prepare the students to be equipped with the skills necessary for the profession especially in the special fields of radiologic technology. For an RT to become competent, he/she should have undergone formal educational background followed by specialized training in their chosen field that takes months. As an RT, he/she should have comprehensive knowledge and skills in patient care, radiologic procedures and radiation dosage. Exposure Technique Factors Exposure technique factors influence and determine the quantity and quality of x-radiation to which the patient is exposed (Bushong, 2009). Kilovolt peak (kVp), milliamperage (mA), exposure time and source-to-image distance (SID) are the principal exposure technique factors. Furthermore, the said factors also affect image quality. Milliamperage and exposure time are the exposure factors that affects the quantity of radiation. Milliampere is the measure of x-ray tube current, whereas milliampere-second (mAs) is the produce of exposure time and exposure tube current. They directly affect the optical density (OD) of the film. Optical density is the overall blackening of the film. The darker the film, the higher number of x-rays is given to the patient. The higher the number of x-rays that are the given to the patients, the greater the radiation dosage they receive. Source-to-image receptor distance also affects the quantity of the radiation. The closer the patient is to the x-ray source, the higher dosage the patient gets. For chest x-ray, the standard SID is 72 inches, while for the other x-ray examinations, the standard SID is 40 inches. Kilovoltage peak (kVp), directly affects the quality of radiation. kVp is the maximum electric potential that travels across the x-ray tube. Since kVp affects the quality of th e x-ray beam, it also affects the quality of the radiographic image. Kilovoltage directly affects contrast. Contrast is the variation of densities on the film. The advantage of using higher kVp is that the patient will receive lower dosage of radiation because it will not be absorbed. However, higher kilovoltage produces more scatter radiation, thus increases the transmission of x-rays to the image receptor and degrades image quality. The best techniques to prevent scatter radiation are using beam restrictors such as collimator to filter low energy x-rays and to cut-off low energy rays using radiographic grids. By employing beam restrictors and grid will enhance image contrast because scatter radiation will be prevented. Furthermore, scatter radiation will also provide unnecessary dose to the patient. Therefore, exposure technique factor selection is essential. To provide quality radiographs and to limit patients to radiation should be a goal for every RT. According to Bushong (2009), RTs are required to use their skills to produce the best possible image with single exposure (Bushong, 2009). Otherwise, repeat examination will provide unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. Therefore, it is necessary for the RT to be equipped with knowledge and skills to manipulate these exposure technique factors to produce desired optical density, contrast, and image detail on the finished radiograph. RT in Film-Screen System In conventional film-screen system, before each examination, the radiologic technologist must select the optimum radiographic technique factors- kVp, mA, and exposure time (Bushong 2009). There are many considerations to determine the value of each factor and they are complexly interrelated. Contrast and Density are the photographic factors of the radiograph and it functions to make the image visible. Visibility of image is important so that anatomical image will appear for proper diagnosis. After each exposure, there is no way to manipulate its contrast and density and thats what makes film-screen system difficult as inadequate contrast or density entails repeat examination. Since manipulation of the image is not possible in this system, the RT should be certain with the technique factors prior to the exposure; otherwise, miscalculations can result to underexposure or overexposure. In a film-screen system, overexposure and underexposure of the image is considered unacceptable becaus e the important structures are not visible and thus it is not a tool for proper diagnosis. In other words, image quality is dependent on exposure factors. RT in Computed Radiography In CR system, image quality is not dependent on exposure factors. Digital image is unrelated to dose, kVp becomes less important. Since, image quality is not dependent on exposure factors, image can be manipulated. In a conventional system, the film serves as both image acquisition and display medium. With CR, the image plate serves as the acquisition medium but does not display the image. Since these functions are separate in CR, the digital signal can be altered to compensate for underexposure or overexposure and an acceptable image can be displayed on the monitor (Shephard, 2003). With CR system, post-processing is possible that helps enhance image thus allowing the RT to alter image contrast and density. Since image can be manipulated or modified, underexposure or overexposure is no longer a problem with this system, because it can usually salvage variations from the optical technique, whereas technical error with a screen-film system often requires a repeat exposure (Pizzutiello , 1993; Cesar, 1997). Therefore, with CR, technical errors are eliminated because of exposure variances that are possible with salvageable results, assuming adequate kilovoltage is used (Ballinger, 1999). On Assessment of RT Competence In order to know the competence of a professional, assessment plays a vital role. Assessment is important so as to evaluate if the RT is still competent to do the job. Since we are in the era of rapid technology, it may come to a point that we will just put our confidence on computers rather than our competence. According to Olavidez (2005), competence is an observable ability and it can be measured against set of standards. Assessment of competence is a combined knowledge, skills, and attitudes that reflect the current work practice. Furthermore, it can bridge the gap between workplace requirements and standard. Selection of exposure technique factor is of extreme importance because RT deals with exposing patients to radiation. Exposure technique factor is equivalent to the quality and the quantity of radiation that exits the patient, therefore, the RT should be precise in giving exposure technique factors. Providing appropriate radiation dose is necessary to prevent the patients from the hazards of the ionizing radiation, therefore prior to the exposure of the patient, accurate exposure techniques should be practiced. The issue of providing accurate techniques lies in a digital system, wherein images can be manipulated during post-processing. According to Fredrick Walker (medicalimagingmag, 2008), a radiologic technologist at Sharp Rees-Stealy in San Diego, CA, he pointed out if the image is too dark, we can manipulate the image using post-processing techniques like windowing or shadowing or to adjust contrast without having to repeat the examination. Furthermore, since image can be manipul ated during post-processing, it can encourage complacency rather than accuracy with exposure techniques which can result in overexposed or underexposed images (Medicalxray, 2010). In addition, according to Enfinger (2012), that it is true that the image can be adjusted, however, it is not recommended because the raw data from the initial exposure will contain information from scatter radiation that degrades image quality even if it is manipulated later. According to Shephard (2003), it is likely that digital imaging will replace conventional screen-film radiography in many modern medical imaging centers in the near future. It has already been stated that even if the image can be manipulated during post-processing, this should not be a practice because somehow it can deteriorate image quality which results in inaccurate diagnosis. One retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone lumbar spine radiographs for the diagnosis of osteoporosis compare diagnostic accuracy with screen-film versus digital radiography. The authors suspected that bone mineral loss could be more easily visible with screen-film imaging due to the fact that image contrast cannot be adjusted with this modality, whereas CR (and DR) images undergo digital post-processing techniques to maximize contrast. This could result in misleading results that confound diagnostic strength in osteoporosis. Therefore, this is a challenge now for the RT to maintain their competence amidst the aid of technology. Competence of RT is the foundation of providing quality patient care by providing appropriate radiation dose for accurate diagnosis. Synthesis The focus of the literature and studies cited was the radiographic competence of RT between film-screen system and computed radiography and it is through this study that the researchers can identify and compare whether their competence will differ based on the image receptor that is being used. In addition, competence in exposure technique factors is essential because this will also mean radiation dose to the patient. It has already been affirmed that the concept has been there for the past few years and therefore the present study is certainly not a new concept. Nevertheless, the researchers deemed it necessary to conduct a study assessing the competence of the RT for the benefit of the institution where they belong because the researcher wants to propose a professional program that could strengthen the foundation of the RTs. It is also important for the school to offer the programs since almost the RT from the different hospitals in Davao City are products of this institution. This study is similar to the other studies cited in this section because it stated on the effects of digital imaging on the radiographic competence of the RTs. Furthermore, previous studies dealt with the effects of image manipulation on image quality and it indirectly link to the competence of the RTs. Conceptual Framework In this view, the researchers attempted to assess the level of radiographic competence of the RTs in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude. Through assessing the competence of the RTs, the researchers are able to determine the level of radiographic competence; their strengths and weakness of radiographic techniques. On the other hand, the researchers identified the factors that can affect their competence, such as the respondents demographic profile in terms of age, sex, number of years in service and educational attainment and the profile of institution such as agency and its classification are also considered. To have a vivid picture of the study, Figure 1 served as the research paradigm SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Independent Variables Dependent Variables Factors Respondents Profile Age Number of years in service Agency Private Public Image Processing Film-Screen System Computed Radiography Level of Radiographic Competence Knowledge Skills Attitude Figure 1 Schematic Diagram showing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study aims to compare the level of radiographic competence in using a film-screen system and computed radiography on exposure technique factor selection; specifically it aims to answer the following questions: What is the respondents profile in terms of: Age Number of years in service What is the agency of the healthcare institutions in terms of: Private Public What is the level of the respondents radiographic competence in using film-screen system on exposure technique factor selection in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude What is the level of the respondents radiographic competence in using computed radiography on exposure technique factor selection in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude Is there a significant relationship between the respondents profile and the level of radiographic competence in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude Is there a significant relationship between the agency of healthcare institution and the level of radiographic competence in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude Is there a significant difference in the level of radiographic competence between film-screen system and computed radiography in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude HYPOTHESES There is no significant relationship between the respondents profile and the level of radiographic competence in terms of: Age Number of years in service There is no significant relationship between the agency of the healthcare institution and the level of radiographic competence in terms of: Public Private There is no significant difference in the level of radiographic competence between film-screen system and computed radiography in terms of: Knowledge Skills Attitude DEFINITION OF TERMS Accuracy- refers to the degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its actual or specific value. Computed Radiography- is an affordable solution of digital imaging system that uses a photostimulable phosphor as the image receptor. Digital Radiography- an all-digital technique in which x-ray absorption is quantified by assignment of a number to the amount of x-rays reaching the detector; this is also called as cassetteless system. Exposure- measure of ionization produced in air by x-rays or gamma rays. Exposure Factor Selection. It is the factor set by the radiographer (kVp, and mAs) to produce visibility of structures in the radiograph. Film Screen System- is the conventional image receptor that uses radiographic film, radiographic intensifying screen and wet chemistry to visualize the image in the radiograph. Image receptor- is a device that converts x-ray beam into visible image. Level of Radiographic Competence- refers to the measure of the level of competence of the radiologic technologist in achieving goals and objectives in providing quality radiographs with minimum radiation dose to patients. Private hospital- is a hospital owned by a profit company or a non-profit organization and privately funded through payment for medical services by patients themselves. Public hospital- is a hospital which is owned by the government and receives government funding. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study seeks to determine if there is a significant difference on the level of the respondents radiographic competence in exposure technique factor selection between film-screen system and computed radiography; and to determine if there is a significant relationship on the level of radiographic competence between respondents profile and agency. Based on the results of this study, the researchers can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the RTs and if it shows significant decline in the competence of the RT in the CR system, the researchers will propose an enhancement program for the professionals. The said program will also be a part of the Continuing Professional Education (CPE), and it will be added to the CPE units needed to renew RT licenses. This study will be most helpful to the radiology department of the hospital to enhance Health Care Delivery by limiting radiation dose to the patients. Furthermore, determining the attitude toward the imaging system will help the department to reevaluate the mental and the emotional state of the RTs. Mental and Emotional state of the RT are important since they are dealing with patients. It is the responsibility of the RT to render quality patient care by providing appropriate radiation dose. Furthermore, this study will also be of most helpful to the schools offering radiologic technology as to intensify the foundation of the students in terms of exposure technique factors. Based on the result of the study, there may be a need to revise the curriculum to further intensify the skills of the RT students. Computed Radiography is not a part of the standard RT curriculum, and it may be one factor that affects the decline of competence on the part of the professional as well as the students. Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY This portion discusses the research design used, the research locale where the study will be conducted, the description of samples and the sampling technique, the instrument used, the details of procedure and the statistical analysis to answer the research problem. Research Design The study will employ a comparative-correlational research. To determine the difference between the level of competence in film-screen system and computed radiography, comparative study will be used. Furthermore, to determine the relationship between the respondents profile and agency between the levels of the radiographic competence, correlational design will be employed. Setting The study will be conducted from the selected hospitals in Davao, Digos and Tagum City employing either film-screen system and computed radiography. The hospitals using film-screen system are the following: Alexian Brothers Health and Wellness Center, Km. 4, McArthur Highway, Matina, Davao City; Davao Regional Hospital, located at Apokon, Tagum City 8112 and Davao Del Sur Provincial Hospital which is located at Lapu-lapu St. Digos, City Davao Del Sur. On the other hand, the hospitals using the computed radiography system are the following: Davao Doctors Hospital (DDH), E. Quirino Ave., Davao City; Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC), J.P Laurel Ave., Bajada, Davao City and Davao Medical School Foundation and Hospital (DMSF), Medical Drive, Bajada, Davao City. Participants The respondents of the study are the Registered Radiologic Technologists and Associate X-ray Technologists coming from the selected hospitals in Davao City employing a film-screen and computed radiography system. Moreover, the qualified respondents should be at least six months in service at the time of the evaluation. Measures The research assessment is composed of four parts. The first part of the assessment consists of questions pertaining to the profile of the respondents and hospital. The second part consists of questions on the respondents level of knowledge on exposure technique factor selection. The questions are specifically structured in such a way that assesses the respondents acquired knowledge on technique selection. Based on the results, the attitude in terms of respondents response in both film-screen and CR system will be categorized as follows depending on their mean score: Points Obtained Qualitative Description 30-25 Very High 20-24 High 15-19 Moderately High 10- 14 Low 13- 0 Very Low INTERPRETATION The aforementioned assessment form that will be used as instrument of the study is constructed and designed by the researchers as to measure the basic knowledge in exposure technique factor selection regardless of the imaging system used. Its validity and reliability was attested by experts of the field. Moreover, the third part of the assessment is an actual evaluation wherein the respondents are observed during x-ray examination. They will be assessed in the actual selection of the exposure technique factor and the outcome of the image. The said assessment is a point system; the appropriate the RT performs in technique factor selection and the acceptable the image, the higher the points. Based on the results, the level of radiographic competence in terms of respondents skills will be categorized as follows depending on their mean score: Points Obtained Qualitative Description 10 Very high level of radiographic skills 7-9 High level of radiographic skills 4-6 Moderately low level of radiographic skills 1-3 Low level of radiographic skills Low level of radiographic skills means that the respondents were not able to perform the appropriate exposure techniques and came up with an unacceptable radiograph. Moderately low level of radiographic skills me

Importance and role of accounting

Importance and role of accounting Accounting 601 assignment Accounting is the management of money and money is an important part of that business. Accounting is mainly preparation of financial statement and involve with transaction, budgeting and Cost controlling. According to Cote(2007), it is process of measuring the amount of money, analysing results, understanding them and make decision better. A proper accounting system is an essential to any business in order to manage its businesses running successfully. For any successful business, the main obligation is to maximise profits , minimize any loss and at the same time maintain its position as a responsible entity within the society. Coltman(1989) said , cost control system is simply an accounting oriented information system. However, the cost control system differs from the accounting system and this system allows management to see what is happening to cost, so that rational decision can be made, and necessary action implemented to correct undesirable situation. Accounting is a language o f money by measuring cost control within the hospitality can industry through labour, food and beverage, energy cost control. Coltman(1989) said that labour is a major cost that arising from the high employee turnover; it is a hidden cost that affecting on productivity, workplace efficiency. There are major reasons that causes staff turnover including most of hospitality workplaces do not pay well and workers work under wage rate, work load, poor training and lack of company benefit (Coltman1989). Industry expert’s Soltani, Lai, Paul Liao (2009) stated that service industry continuous dealing with customers so that labour flexibility is prime need to securing the high labour turnover cost .There are possibilities to reduce turnover with better choice of an integrated HR strategy that address the goal of the organisation which are managing employee’s attribute, work schedule, encourage staff to do teamwork, provide adequate training, monitoring their performance report as well as motivate staff by giving incentives (Soltani, Lai, Paul Liao 2009). Also, industries have to hiring right person at the right place according to skill required. However, most of the Australian hotel industries are continues pay for high labour turnover cost (Davidson, Timo Wang 2010). Moreover, many hospitality industries within Canada are adopted the innovative technology including electronic check-in, guest can make reservation, paying bills by using mobile devices these technology provide high quality and speed service in physical environment without labour cost (Jayawardena,Lawlor Grieco 2013). Serlen, Bruce (2014), founded that traditional twenty-four hours room service is very expensive that increase labour cost .and decrease productivity. Whereas, most of full-service hotel are moving away from traditional room service to advance technology which is help to control the labour cost for example, The Hilton, Grand Hyatt in New York. Move rover, Serlen, Bruce (2014), said that advance technology brings many aspects in the hotel industry in particular guest were looking applications to order room service from iPad and smartphone which is cost effective and eliminate the order taking position from the entity for instance, in Hilton New York, operate a successful upscale grab and go market. However, hotelier expert said that customers still demanding the traditional room service approach because they expected the personalised service as they paid to hotel and they do not expect robotic service delivery within this industry (Serlen, Bruce, 2014). Coltman,(1989) stated that most visible cost in the hospitality industry is the food and beverages. Food is a vital element of the hospitality industries. The main function of food and beverage department is to control the cost and improve hotel, restaurant profitability through the adequate selection of supplier, stock control, implementing standardize recipe, developing innovative food service system may prevent from wastage and overproduction in the operation also portion control concern about the more quality prevention activities such as quality audits, menu design reviews, quality training and supplier evaluation. However, there are several reasons that hotels unnecessary suffer wastage of food which is significant cost for industry such as poor stock rotation, store items in inappropriate temperature and poor portion control may lead to food wastage (Colman, 1989). According to, Vaughn, Raab, Nelson Harrah (2010) identification Las Vegas hospitality industry’s revenue had fall due to increase food prices from 2006 to 2007; the food and beverage department has challenged to increase productivity and reduce the cost, waste and inefficient operation. Therefore, industries in Las Vegas supported kitchen to focus on specific production, expensive menu and portion of menu items and applied activity –based costing (ABC) method for the production control and this method can be used to eliminate the monthly allocation for all kitchen production (Vaughn, Raab, Nelson Harrah, 2010). Noone Coulter (2012) said that, many hospitality industries or restaurant are familiar with technological system to controlling on food cost such as point of sale system, self- service kiosk and efficient cooking equipment and inventory management system ( perpetual inventory card). These technological solutions are help to maintain product quality and standard that keeping the cost down by speed of service and order taking for example, in U.S quick service restaurant w ere facing challenges just as rising operating cost but they applying automation system in back of house particular in kitchen such as deep fryer with an auto lift, commercial oven and dual gill which lead to reduce the cooking time and keep consistency in food preparation. As result, quick service restaurants was achieving highly efficiency, high quality and improvement in performance by adopting the technology system in the restaurant (Noone Coulter2012) Furthermore, Ninemeier (2001) saying that beverage cost control system maintaining standard by using standard beverage recipe including taste and appearance, specify ingredients, garnish and drink size. Then portion control tool help to standardise the drink such as shot glasses, jiggers and automated beverage system that is dispense measuring quantities of alcoholic beverages. Also, Ninemeier (2001) stated that cash handling procedure handle by bartender; is a responsible person for holding cash and bar inventory. Additionally, Borchgrevink Anchill (,2003) explain that spillage and theft are caused by dishonest worker within the industries as result hospitality industry do not make any profit. Therefore, hotels installed computerised beverage control system provides financial date as well as consistency, quality and speed. As an important aspect of service oriented industry; hotel manager has to provide food and beverage training to staff that build the awareness of food cost, food quality and knowledge about the portion control method ( Borchgrevink Anchill ,2003). Energy cost control is a crucial factor within the hospitality industry. In service industries major energy consuming elements is air conditioning; energy can be saved by adjusting the air conditioning by having large windows and ventilation allows natural lighting and installed high quality insulation it approach to reduce cost and save energy. As per the research of Nizic,Karanovic Ivanovic (2008) in order to control energy consumption maximum hotels industry applied an intelligent room system, particular in hotel Sol Garden Istra . This system integrated energy and water consumption control as well as heating-cooling control and efficiency and Sol Garden Istra have great achievement by using intelligent room system ,thermal insulation of the hotel as well as carefully selection of lighting management and equipment, provide training to staff to increase their environmental awareness as result (Nizic, Karanovic ,Ivanovic 2008). In addition, Holiday Inn, Hilton, and Marriott also im plemented an energy efficient lighting program, and install an intelligent room system technology (Nizic ,Karanovic , Ivanovic 2008). Furthermore, Stipanuk (2001) stated that sustainability is critically business issue that is an essential requirement for the hospitality industry; hospitality expert encouraging sustainability because there are significant financial benefits for example changing lighting blub that use less energy and bathroom fixtures that limit water flow. Followed by, Stipanuk.(2001) founded that Bass hotel (Inter-Continental properties) had support the energy saving program by develop specific tactics to reduce the energy cost and usage. Inter-Continental has developed several step to sustain the energy such as outsource the laundry ,centralize the operation, install switched in convenient location, Install flow controllers for showers and aerators for sink faucets also place proper lighting and intelligent room system and roof insulation. As result, the 467 key Inter-Continental London has been saving 47 per cent in gas consumption and 22 per cent saving in electricity consumption and the 844 ro om hotel Inter-Continental Chicago has been reaping an annual energy cost saving of $250000 (Stipanuk,D.,2001). So that, government are offering award for industries that adopt energy saving initiatives as well as grant benefits are available for establishment who participate in the recycling programs or using sustainable energy source (Stipanuk, 2001). To conclude that, accounting is a mainly preparation of financial statement involve with transaction, budgeting and Cost controlling. It is process of measuring the amount of money, analysing the results, understanding them and make decision better. Accounting is a language of money by measuring cost control within the hospitality can industry through labour, food and beverage, energy cost control. By applying these measuring tools; hotel owners and managers have the information they need to optimize performance in every operational area, from food and beverage department labour control and energy control. They can reduce expenses, make profit and accommodate guests . Reference List: Borchgrevink, C, Anchill, D, 2003,’Beverage control system and the guest’s perspective: Standardisation and value,’ Journal of Hospitality Lesuire Marketing ,vol.10(1/2), pp.151-160,viewed 6th May2014,Ebscohost database. Coltman,M 1989,Cost control for the hospitality industry,2nd edn, Van Nostand Reinhold, New York. Cote,R 2007, Accounting for hospitality managers, 5th edn, American Hotel Lodging Educational institute,Lansing,Michigan Davidson,M, Timo,N, Wang,Y, 2010, ‘How much does labour turnover cost?: A case study of Australian four- and five –star hotels’ ,International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.22, no.4,pp.451-466,viewed 6th May 2014 Emerald database. Jayawardena,C, Lawlor,F, Grieco,J, Savard, M, Tarnowski,M, 2013, ‘Challenges and innovations in hotel operation in Caada’,World wide Hospitality Theme, vol.5,no.2,pp177-189,viewed 6 May2014 Emerld database. Ninemeier,J 2001,Planning and control for food and beverag operaions, 5th edn, Educational institute of America hotel and Lodging Association, Michigan. Nizic, M, Karanovic, G, Ivanovic,S, 2008,’ Imprtance of intelligent rooms for energy saving in the hotel industries,’ Tourism and Hospitality Management,’ vol.14, no.2,pp.323-336,viewed 5th May2014 Ebscohost database. Noone,B, Coulter, R, 2012, ‘Applying modern robotics technologies to demand prediction and production management in the Quick service restaurant sector,’Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, vol.53, no.2, pp.122-133, viewd 7th May2014 Sage database. Serlen, Bruce,2014,’Room service evolves to fit guest needs,’ Hotel Management ,vol.229, no.1,pp.1-60.3p.,viewed 8th May2014 Ebscohost database. Soltani, E, Lai, P, Paul, P, Liao,Y,2009,’The triangular supply chain relationship: labour dispatch agencies, hospitality sector flexible workers: The Taiwan experience,’ The Service Industries Journal, vol.29,no.10,pp.1317-1339,viewed 7May2014 Ebscohost database. Stipanuk,D, 2001, ‘Energy management in 2001 and beyond: Operational option that reduce use and cost,’ Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, vol.42, pp.57-71,viewed 5th May2014 Sage database. Vaughn, P, Raab, C, Nelson, K, Harrah, W, 2010,’The application of activity-based costing to a support Kichen in a Las Vegas casino,’ International Journal of Contemorary Hospitlaity Management,vol.22, no.7, pp.1033-1047,viewed 7th May2014 Emerald database. [Type text]Page 1

Resplendent Rivendel :: Free Essay Writer

Resplendent Rivendel Imagine a world of such serenity where you have no enmity and worries, but how to enjoy your life to the endless boundary. A land of such astounding, imperial beauty that makes you wants to pinch yourself, yet you dare not to for the fear of losing a splendid moment. Unimaginable beauty of peacefulness, yet stunning of its solemnity, we are in Rivendel, the Elvin city, where everyone’s fantasies lie. Every step, beautiful colored leaves cushion your feet and create a delicate sound of a person gently biting in to golden brown, delicious potato chips. All around you, under the pleasant sunlight, the warmth surrounds your body, gently ameliorating your troubles and pain, and slowly pacifying your turbulent mind. The wind swiftly sprints toward you, splits upon the very tip of your nose and flutters your hair that ferociously fought for its independence. The chill of the autumn air swirling around your ear slowly promises your brain of the traitorous, humid summer day’s closure. No matter what atrocities exist in the world, the trees, neutralized in quiescence, continue on with their life. Slowly shedding their old, worn out coat, they watch as leaves glide down to the ground, slicing through the air. Sometimes they did flips or spins until they finally bowed for applause on the ground like a masterful ballet dancer. On the other side, as to ambitiously compete with its idealistic beauty, the forceful water, rushing through the river like a bright, white stallion drops as the rainbow colors reflect upon every droplet. The bubbles launch up to the surface of the well, exploding in rhythmic harmony. The soothing mist fills the atmosphere. Smoothly colliding on to your skin, they moisturize your body delicately, like a feast after a famine. Its marvelous clarity refreshes your mind, like a rain in a fiery summer day. Do you wander what it’s like to live here, as an elf? Elves are handsome, admirable creatures. Their silvery hair flawlessly comes down to their shoulders, lustrous as a gleaming, full moon, as to show the conscientiousness in resemblance. Yet, their eyes, pair of polished emeralds and sapphires show only a taste of their mysterious, impenetrable ingenuity. Anyone who stares into them falls into the immense depth of clarity, until they finally swim out from the exquisite, dream-like ocean. Behind the radiance of their aura, two pointy years, in full appearance shows their necessary belligerence, in their nature of survival.

Internet Marketing :: essays research papers

It's well known that internet marketers are in the business of marketing. To become successful in business, it's crucial to actively promote your business to gain new customers. Let's face it... No promotion, no new customers. It's a simple as that. If you've ever spent money on advertising before, you will know that it can be a costly process. Whether the cost is measured in time, effort, money or a mixture of all three - the one thing that counts the most is the results. A lack of results from a marketing campaign can be a real disappointment. More often than not, it is a case of hit-and-miss which leads to frustration and a wasted advertising budget. This article will explain three steps that you can take to gauge how effective your marketing campaigns are and to rapidly improve the response rates of future campaigns. It also brings to light some relatively unknown tactics that some advertising companies are employing to rip-off their customers. I hope you're not one of those customers... But you might have been already without even realizing it. Step 1: T&T You may or may not work out a proper campaign for your promotions, but let me make a suggestion to you if I may? You really should be Tracking and Testing. If you don't know how responsive a particular ad is, how can you possibly gauge the ad's effectiveness? Not by guessing, that's for sure! It is essential that you T&T because this keeps you in control of your earnings. If your campaigns aren't creating the desired outcome - signups, sales, opt-ins etc., something needs to be changed. By T&T, you can make changes, retest and gauge the results to repeat the process until you do generate the necessary effect and therefore increase your profits. Step 2: Tweaking What areas need looking at? Here is a short list of questions you can ask yourself. The answer to these questions should be " Yes". If the answer is "No", then simply tweak the item and T&T to produce a better response. Ad Copy: Does it have an eye-catching headline? Is it well written with the correct grammar and punctuation? Have you edited it over and over to create what you'd consider a perfect advertisement? Does it use hypnotic words and phrases that grab the interest of the reader? Does it make the reader want to click through to your web site while pulling out their credit card? Internet Marketing :: essays research papers It's well known that internet marketers are in the business of marketing. To become successful in business, it's crucial to actively promote your business to gain new customers. Let's face it... No promotion, no new customers. It's a simple as that. If you've ever spent money on advertising before, you will know that it can be a costly process. Whether the cost is measured in time, effort, money or a mixture of all three - the one thing that counts the most is the results. A lack of results from a marketing campaign can be a real disappointment. More often than not, it is a case of hit-and-miss which leads to frustration and a wasted advertising budget. This article will explain three steps that you can take to gauge how effective your marketing campaigns are and to rapidly improve the response rates of future campaigns. It also brings to light some relatively unknown tactics that some advertising companies are employing to rip-off their customers. I hope you're not one of those customers... But you might have been already without even realizing it. Step 1: T&T You may or may not work out a proper campaign for your promotions, but let me make a suggestion to you if I may? You really should be Tracking and Testing. If you don't know how responsive a particular ad is, how can you possibly gauge the ad's effectiveness? Not by guessing, that's for sure! It is essential that you T&T because this keeps you in control of your earnings. If your campaigns aren't creating the desired outcome - signups, sales, opt-ins etc., something needs to be changed. By T&T, you can make changes, retest and gauge the results to repeat the process until you do generate the necessary effect and therefore increase your profits. Step 2: Tweaking What areas need looking at? Here is a short list of questions you can ask yourself. The answer to these questions should be " Yes". If the answer is "No", then simply tweak the item and T&T to produce a better response. Ad Copy: Does it have an eye-catching headline? Is it well written with the correct grammar and punctuation? Have you edited it over and over to create what you'd consider a perfect advertisement? Does it use hypnotic words and phrases that grab the interest of the reader? Does it make the reader want to click through to your web site while pulling out their credit card?