Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Mozart Effect - 1414 Words

â€Å"Mozart Effect† The Mozart effect has two general definitions. Firstly, it is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as spatial-temporal reasoning. And also it is popularized versions of the theory, which suggest that listening to Mozart makes you smarter, or that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development. The term was first found by Alfred A. Tomatis who used Mozarts music as the listening stimulus in his work attempting to cure a variety of disorders. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell. It is based on an experiment published in†¦show more content†¦In addition, music has been evaluated to see if it has other properties. The April 2001 edition of Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine assessed the possible health benefits of the music of Mozart. John Jenkins played Sonata K.448 to patients with epilepsy and found a decrease in epileptiform activity. According to the British Epilepsy Organization, research has suggested that apart from Mozarts K.448 and Piano Concerto No. 23, only one other piece of music has been found to have a similar effect; a song by the Greek composer Yanni, entitled Acroyali/Standing in Motion. It was determined to have the Mozart effect, by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine because it was similar to Mozarts K.448 in tempo, structure, melodic and harmonic consonance and predictability. I found some information from Rocky Mountain News. Their program was called â€Å"Music a sound contribution to healing† about good Samaritan taking cacophony out of hospital care, made by Samean Yun in May 31, 2005. The sound of a loon, native to New Hampshire, is coming from what appear to be rocks in front of Exempla Good Samaritan Medical Center, sitting in the middle of the rolling Colorado plains. Its perhaps incongruous, but the sound makes visitors feel as if theyre inside a peaceful forest. Don Campbell, whom we are already known about as the author of the best-selling book â€Å"The Mozart Effect ¨, has put together a library of world music to play at selectShow MoreRelatedThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead MoreThe Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it is understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhancedRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. WhenRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To ma ny, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreEssay On Mozart Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect, broadly stated, is the idea that music can help with many other aspects of a student’s education. Its research started decades ago and is still highly debated today, with some condition to the findings. However, in Bob Duke’s article, he explains why it doesn’t matter whether of not it helps tests scores. He believes we should not be using this as an excuse for keeping music programs because there are countless better reasons. Duke’s article highly reinforced why I personally believeRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a study that shows listening to classical music can have positive effects on learning and attitude. This occurrence is called the Mozart Effect, and it has been proven in experiments by many scientists. This research has caused much controversy between believers and nonbelievers, because The Mozart Effect is said to enhance the brain and reasoning; it is also used to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety; it induces relaxation or sleep; and the Mozart Effect activates the bodyRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreMusic Of Mozart Effect On Children1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Mozart effect† is a statement based on research studies claiming that listening to the music of Mozart may produce an increase in your IQ and performance in certain types of mental tasks. This effect was applied not just to adults, but later also to unborn and postpartum babies up to 60 days old. The â€Å"Mozart effect† stemmed from research carried out in 1993 by researchers Frances H. Rauscher, Gordon L. Shaw and Katherine N. Ky at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at UC IrvineRead MoreEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: theRead MoreThe Mozart Effect of Boosting IQ863 Words   |  3 Pagesthemselves as entrepreneurs are going along with this and trying to build up their IQs because they feel it may end up helping them in the long run. This people are the ones who are motivation is the center of this book by Don Campbell called â€Å"The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind and Unlock the Creative Spirit†. Music is what has a outstanding result on individuals because they tend to take time to listen to Music, and this people are the ones who possess

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Critique Of The Global Arena - 1583 Words

An Article Critique on Branding in the Global Arena: The Role of Culture Howard Schultz, the founder of Starbucks, puts it best when he stated: â€Å"If people believe they share values with a company, the will stay loyal to a brand† (Fifield, 2015, para. 8). The values Schultz refers too are defined as â€Å"the moral principles and beliefs or accepted standards of a person or social group† (Collins Dictionary Website, 2016, expression 5). In this qualitative study, â€Å"Branding in The Global Arena: The Role of Culture† (Krueger Nandan, 2008) the significance of culture in formulating and maintaining an effective global strategy is discussed. This study by Krueger and Nandan examine branding in the global context, cultural dimensions that affect branding including specific examples from China and India, and key issues for global companies. The purpose of this critique is examinee Krueger and Nandan’s study, by examining the articles key components listed above and identifying strengths and weaknesses of the following; the a rticle’s research purpose, methodology, results, and discussion. Krueger and Nandan’s research is written clearly and concisely in a manner that is easy for the reader to follow. The research has a clear thesis statement which is stated in its introduction, and the body of the research addresses the problem identified in the thesis; the conclusion also addresses the thesis statement. Key terms applicable to the reader understanding the research are addressed andShow MoreRelatedA Critique Of Capitalism And The Power Of The Bourgeoisie Class1744 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Theory is defined as â€Å"is a critique of capitalism, its appropriation of the surplus value of collective work, and its commodification of every aspect of our modern society† (Ward, p.1). In this essay I will argue that although perhaps not inherently intentionally, both liberal and realism, in all of their forms, represent hegemonic ideology, and that this has been proven throughout history, and therefore support much of Marxist theory surrounding capitalism a nd the power of the bourgeoisieRead MoreDo Marx s Views On Capitalism Provide Any Insights Into Economic Globalisation Today? Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesviews on capitalism provide any insights into economic globalisation today? Globalization in one of the main driving forces within today s modern world. It is the historical process and transformational development in the global arena, where growth and establishment of global connections in the international community continues to evolve. It is a widely used phrase, that in different contexts can be used as both the cause and effect of many different things. It is commonly used, since the fallRead MorePlato s Critique Of Democracy2140 Words   |  9 PagesName: Odekunle Solomon Student No: 7097642 Pol 2107 Why Plato’s critique of democracy is still relevant today. Democracy is often referred to as the rule of the many, but Aristotle called this definition incomplete. In his book â€Å"Politics†, he explained that in a city if the majorities are aristocrats and if they have political authority, then it is an aristocracy not a democracy. He therefore defined democracy as when â€Å"free people have authority and Oligarchy as whenRead MoreBourdieu Marx And Durkheim, Political Economy With Cultural Studies Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesresults from relations between one’s dispositions (habitus) and one’s position in a field (capital), within the current state of the social arena (field) (Bourdieu, 1986, p101). Therefore, in order to study the practices of cultural workers, we need to first know field, habitus, and capital. 1) A field is not a concrete place, but rather a social-spatial arena and a relationship that is always being negotiated. It is a system of social positions where agents are located. Fields interact with eachRead MoreCultural Intelligence1554 Words   |  7 Pagesand government this cultural quotient acts as an important tool for the successive outcomes (Earley Ang, 2003). Moreover it will guide the manager in effective management of cross cultural differences. Important of Cultural Intelligence to the Global Manager CQ helps in prominence on new cultural contexts adoption and it empowers a person in enabling and discovering the new ways to relate to others. There are three basic elements at the core of CQ; they are Metacognition and cognition thinkingRead MoreWhy Inequality Matters, For Non Economists1672 Words   |  7 PagesGrasping the Problem: Why Inequality Matters, for Non-economists Before analyzing Piketty’s global tax on wealth, we must understand the problem Piketty is trying to solve. The central economic dilemma revealed by Piketty’s research is that greater returns (r) on capital investments are outpacing the overall economic growth rate (g), succinctly noted in the form r g, and the imbalance is driving wealth inequality. Thus once capital-rich individuals acquire (often through inheritance) large enoughRead MoreInternational Law Changed During Post Wwii New World1576 Words   |  7 Pagessurge of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the charters composing it. For the first time we began to look at an individual for more than their country of origin or religious denomination and simply stated that we are all humans and under a global community deserve respect and specific rights that all countries are responsible for. The individual during this time more than ever became the focus of the creation of the laws that would follow from thereon (Orakhelashvili, 2000). The opinionsRead MoreReflection Of The Obama Doctrine1662 Words   |  7 PagesKentaro Quick POL S 321 B Response Paper 3 May 22, 2016 Prompt 3: In reflection of the â€Å"Obama Doctrine† At the end of their term, each president is subject to critique regarding their competency in office. One important aspect that is heavily looked at is their legacy in the arena of foreign relations. Presidents are remembered for the impact they have made to the world for better or for worse. An example of this can be Franklin D. Roosevelt and George W. Bush. Both are former presidentsRead MoreThe Asian Value Debate686 Words   |  3 Pageslacked a regional institutional mechanism, and because of this ‘Asian Values’ has been interpreted differently by different ethnic and religious groups (Langguth, 2003). Mahathir introduced the concept of Asian values in the 1990’s where there was global democratization, political and economic stability before the currency crisis of July 1997, which shocked Asian countries (Naisbitt, 1997). Asian values were advocated by Mahathir to try to unite Malaysia as a nation. He used it as a platform to claimRead MoreThe Strategy Of Environmental Treaty Making1469 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational relations (a notable and heavily discussed example is the aim to sustain an effective ozone layer). Although states regularly enter into international agreements that are purposed to solve given problems, the non-existence of an overarching global governing body of authority makes the enforcement of treaties nearly impossible. In order for international treaties to be impactful they must be â€Å"self-enforcing†, or â€Å"individually rational, collectively rational, and fair (p. xiv). Therefore, for

Monday, December 9, 2019

Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment. Answer: Introduction: Malaysia is a prominent nation of South East Asia and is covering the parts of the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo. The nation is a well known tourist destination and is attracting thousands of tourists across the globe for its beautiful beaches. The nation is constituted with thirteen states and three federal territories. With a 31.9 million [as per World Bank, 2016] population the country is the 44th most populous nation of the world and the population of the country is growing at a rate of 1.95% per anunm. The multi-ethnic and multi-cultural profile [Malay 50.1%, Chinese 22.6%, indigenous 11.8%, Indian 6.7%, other 0.7%, non-citizens 8.2%] of the country has a big impact over the political and economic conditions of the country(Jomo, K.S., 2016). The current rate of unemployment in Malaysia is around 3.5% [July, 2017].The average rate of inflation of the country was around 2.09% in the year of 2016.According to the world bank the GDP per capita of the country was around 9,502.57 USD in 2016(Ismail, 2011).The study of the historical data reveals the fact that the GDP per capita of the country has registered a continuous growth from 1995 onwards [$4328]. In order to reduce the level of youth unemployment the government of Malaysia has taken the policy decisions to develop effective strategies in order to transform the national education system. The institutions of higher learning will be empowered with greater autonomy and accountability to produce technologically savvy well educated graduates who will be capable to handle the recent technology challenges and to add value to the technical manufacturing centre of the country. The study of the historical data regarding the rate of unemployment reveals the fact that the average rate of unemployment for the country was around 3.28% for the period between 1998-2017.The country has seen an all time high rate of inflation of 4.50% in March, 1999.The current rate of unemployment of the country is around 3.5% and by 2020 it is expected that the rate of unemployment of the country will stay around 2.75%( Lucas and Verry, 2016). Describes that 61% of the age group is concentrated within the age group of 15-24 years.20% of the unemployment is present in the age group of 25-29 years. Thus majority of the countries unemployed workforce are from the youth population.Thus the youth population is the most vulnerable group so far the problem of unemployment is concerned in Malaysia (Ibrahim and Mahyuddin, 2017). The youth unemployment is the most striking problem of the nation. By the end of 2015 the rate of youth unemployment of the nation has reached to a rate of 10.7%.According to Bank Negara [Central Bank Of Malaysia] the youth unemployed population accounts for half of the total unemployed population of the country. Youth population are the section of the population that is most badly hit by the problem of unemployment. Because in an economy where is dearth of job the youth population is hired last and retrenched first due lack education or degrees of higher studies. From the above figure it can be seen that the youths who are the diploma holders and who are in the monthly family income bracket of less than RM 1000 are facing maximum problem [As 42% of these people are unemployed]to get a job in Malaysia. Youth unemployment is a huge problem for the country Malaysia. Within this age group of 15-24 years who are eligible to work only 16% are having the tertiary education and remaining 84% of this age group has received secondary education. And within the unemployed youth workforce 77% are having non tertiary education and 23% are having the tertiary education (Thestar.com.my, 2017. Thus it can be seen that youth with tertiary education are covering the greater portion of the unemployed youth when compared with that of the overall unemployed youth workforce. The tertiary youth unemployment rate of the country was around 15.3% and the non-tertiary youth unemployment rate of the country was around 9.8 %( Tang, 2009). The figure-5 demonstrates that the GDP per capita of the country Malaysia has registered a continuous upward trend for the period of 1960-2016 with some occasional decline in the growth rate. However during the decades of 2006-2016 the economy has registered the maximum growth as the average growth rate for the period was around 53%. The growth of the domestic demand (7.7% demand in the first quarter, 2017) of the nation has propelled the expenditure both in the public and private sector of the economy. As a result of which the private expenditure of the nation has grown at a rate of 6.6% and the public expenditure of the nation has grown at a rate of 7.5% during the first quarter of 2017(Zamberi , 2013). The growth of private investment at a rate of 7.5% has also acted as a prominent growth driver with respect to the Malaysian economy(Woo,2009). The inflow of foreign direct investment has also added to the growth of the economy and is identified as one of the major drivers of the economic growth of the country. In the year 2016 the country has realized a 40% growth with respect to the inflow of FDI with in the country and the volume of such FDI is around MYR 50 billion(Bekhet, and Mugableh, 2016). Though unemployment has become a serious issue in the country but the country has managed to maintain good stability in the labour market. Though the rate of unemployment of the country is growing steadily from 2014, but still the country has managed to control the rate of unemployment in between 3.2% to 3.5%.During this period the nominal wage of the country has grown at stable rate of 4.5%. But this is not the solution of the persistent problem of unemployment that is present in Malaysia. Because if the country fails to control the issue then the economy has to face the following long term impacts which in turn will affect the growth perspective of the economy(Karimi and Yusop, 2009). The possible impact of presence of Unemployment in the economy will be as follows: If the country fails to solve the problem of youth unemployment then there will be huge unrest among the society. Among the youth population the educated youths of the Malaysia are the worst affected section of the unemployed workforce and if they fails to get a job then the young population will lose their trust over the higher educational system of the country and eventually will leave the nation in search of better jobs(Kefela, 2010). Thus youth unemployment will lead to large scale brain drain in the country and the growth of the technical sectors, service sectors of the economy will lose the educated intelligent workforce when needed. Thus the issue of youth unemployment is badly hampering the development of the future workforce and long term growth perspective of the economy. Due to the problem of unemployment the hiring process of the economy becomes slow which in turn leads to slow development of the effective workforce which intern will affect the overall demand and production of the economy(Lucas and Verry,2016). Unemployment also affects the income of an individual. If an individual continues to earn lower income for a prolonged period then the individual will be forced his consumption demand which in turn will reduce the production of the economy. The reduction of demand, consumption and then production with reduce the overall expenditure of the economy. A low demand for production and consumption will reduce the overall output of the economy which in turn will bring retardation in the economic growth of the country ( Lim et al.,, 2008). Besides unemployment has a very bad impact over the society. The eligible persons who are failing to get suitable jobs may become so much frustrated that they may give up searching for jobs permanently and will then become a part of long term unemployment of the country. Besides presence of unemployment will also lead to underutilization of resources within the country as a result of which the country will never be able to produce the level of output that ensures long term growth sustainability(Singh, and Singh, 2008). In Malaysia there is a great deal of frictional and cyclical unemployment among the young educated population of Malaysia. When the educated youths are trying to move from one job to another for improvement of their carer then they are facing a lot of difficulties which is badly harming their self confidence and moral. Again as the educated young are failing to get the standard of job they are looking for then they are becoming the victim of cyclical unemployment(Lim, 2017). Thus in brief it can be said that though the growth of the Malaysian economy has not being much affected by the presence of unemployment as the growth of the economy has been shielded by the different growth drivers discussed above but in the long run if the issue of the unemployment persists then the economy will face a reduction in demand production that will result in overall reduction of the economic output of the country. If some of the growth drivers of the country become weak in near future, then the economic growth rate of the country will be badly hampered by the presence of staggered unemployment in the economy. Therefore immediate measures are to be taken for controlling the issue of unemployment with ion the economy. As per the education Blueprint (2015-2025) Malaysia in order to handle the problem of youth unemployment s meaningful strategies are to be developed for transforming the national education system so that they can produce well educated technical workforce. Besides the scope and opportunities of the vocational trainings are to be enhanced for making the educated youth more eligible for the available job world of the country Development of a comprehensive social security sector is essential in order to protect the unemployed workforce from frustration and loss of moral. MARKET POLICIES (ALMP) which are specifically developed for helping the unemployed youth, as well as displaced workers in order to reduce the frictional unemployment which the works face while they are looking for a transition from one job to another. The two main objectives that are intended to be fulfilled by the ALMPs are long term increase employment opportunities, and creation of jobs that match to the expectation and educational level of a worker in Malaysia. Thus the ALMPs are expected to reduce the incidence of brain drain from the country (Furuoka, and Munir,2014). . The government of Malaysia has also thinking of implementing Employment Insurance Scheme (EIS), which was announced in Budget 2015. The objective of introducing this holistic programme is to fulfil the same objectives of ALMP and additionally to deliver good career counselling services and training to the educated youths (eligible for jobs) for enhancing their opportunity to get a job. Public Employment Services should be provided for assessing the personalised needs of the job seeking workforce. Under this service employment plans are to be build to guarantee placements to the youth workforce as per their matching requirements. The process of job creation and matching of job is to be further facilitated by using the technology, as evidenced shows that popular Smartphone-based career applications portals and websites such as Switch, LinkedIn have become one of the primary options for the jobseekers to communicate with the employers regarding the skills and potential acquired by them. So measures are to be taken so that better application of technology can be made for finding the new talents in the job market of Malaysia. The government of Malaysia is taking steps so that more and more companies develop vocational training programs in partnership with the universities and other higher educational institutes so that the youths can receive an industry focused education during their graduation. The policy makers of the country are of opinion that in order to enhance the job opportunities for the workforce the indigenous companies have to reduce their dependencies over the foreign workers (Awad, and Youssof, 2016). The government of Malaysia has taken the measure to develop new start-ups that can recruit the fresh graduates irrespective of their level of experience. Thus from the above discussion it can be seen that Government of Malaysia has taken strong initiative to curb the problem of unemployment with in the country and majority of the initiatives have taken to solve the problem of youth educated unemployment as the educated youth constitutes 61% of the total unemployed workforce of the country. Finally along with the measures of controlling the problem of unemployment, the government of Malaysia should carry on the policy of trade liberalization so that a variety of economic activities can be created which will lead to creation of more jobs. Moreover the government should always maintain a favourable environment for foreign direct Investment so that the country can shield the economic growth from the problems of unemployment. The Malaysian economy is currently suffering from the issue of unemployment and the current rate of unemployment of the economy is 3.5%.The youth unemployment is the biggest issue or problem that is affecting the overall economic development of the nation. The youth unemployment is accounting 61% of the total unemployed workforce of the country( Lim, 2013). The problem of youth unemployment is a burning issue to the Malaysian Economy as in near future the staggering unemployment will lead to reduction in income expenditure. A decline in income and expenditure will lead to reduction of consumption demand and overall output and production of the country .Moreover the young unemployed who are the most vulnerable group to be affected by the presence of unemployment are losing their satisfaction and moral when they are failing to get a job in the job market which may lead to social unrest. The government of Malaysia is taking several initiatives like introducing vocational training opportunities and industry focused graduate training programme so that more and more fresh graduates can be included in the job world. These initiatives are being taken for controlling the presence of frictional and cyclical unemployment within the economy. References: Awad, A. and Youssof, I., 2016. The impact of economic globalisation on unemployment: The Malaysian experience.The Journal of International Trade Bekhet, H.A. and Mugableh, M.I., 2016. Blueprinting the equilibrium relationships between inward FDI and employment in the Malaysian economic sectors: time series models approach.Global Business and Economics Review,18(2), pp.136-150. Furuoka, F. and Munir, Q., 2014. Unemployment and Inflation in Malaysia: Evidence from Error Correction Model.Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE),1(1). Google.co.in. (2017).World Development Indicators-Google Public Data Explorer. [online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_met_y=ny_gdp_pcap_cdidim=country:MYS:IDN:THAhl=endl=en [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Ismail, N.A., 2011. Graduates' characteristics and unemployment: A study among Malaysian graduates.International journal of business and social science,2(16). Jomo, K.S., 2016.Growth and structural change in the Malaysian economy. Springer. Karimi, M.S. and Yusop, Z., 2009. FDI and economic growth in Malaysia. Kefela, G.T., 2010. Knowledge-based economy and society has become a vital commodity to countries.International NGO Journal,5(7), pp.160-166. Lim, H.E., 2013. Overeducation and happiness in the Malaysian graduate labour market.International Journal of Business and Society,14(1), p.93. Lim, H.E., 2017. Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment: the Case of Malaysian Graduates.Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies,47(1), pp.33-53. Lim, H.E., Rich, J. and Harris, M.N., 2008. Employment outcomes of graduates: the case of Universiti Utara, Malaysia.Asian Economic Journal,22(3), pp.321-341. Lucas, R.E. and Verry, D., 2016.Restructuring the Malaysian economy: Development and human resources. Springer. Lucas, R.E. and Verry, D., 2016.Restructuring the Malaysian economy: Development and human resources. Springer. Singh, G.K.G. and Singh, S.K.G., 2008. Malaysian graduates employability skills.UNITAR e-Journal,4(1), pp.15-45. Statista. (2017).Malaysia unemployment rate 2010-2020 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/319019/unemployment-rate-in-malaysia/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Statista. (2017).Malaysia unemployment rate 2010-2020 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/319019/unemployment-rate-in-malaysia/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Tang, C.F., 2009. The linkages among inflation, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Management,3(1), pp.50-61. Thestar.com.my. (2017).Young and jobless - Business News | The Star Online. [online] Available at: https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/03/27/young-and-jobless/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Woo, W.T., 2009. Getting Malaysia out of the middle-income trap. Zamberi Ahmad, S., 2013. The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia lower and higher learning institutions.Education+ Training,55(2), pp.191-203.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather Essay Example

Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather Essay To have read Willa Cather is to inevitably find some astute recognitions of your self in the life of her characters. Cather is greatly admired for by the reading public of her time, for having been able to give life to characters that are most particularly evident in the nature of real people in the course of their life. That is because: In this comment, Willa Cather argued for the purity of art, the need for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   artist to remain uncorrupted by demands and purposes that interfere with the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   aesthetic intent. Guided by such principles, she combined precise descriptive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   skill and insight into the subtleties of human character with a disciplined and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   beautiful prose style to fashion a group of novels and short stories that have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   earned her a permanent place among the great writers of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://wps.abl ongman.com) Taking into study five short stories namely On the Divide, Paul’s Case, A Death in the Desert, The Marriage of Phaedra, and A Wagner Matinee, Cather showcases her ineffable skill in fiction writing with her surprisingly poetic and very descriptive narrations of ordinary life turning them into remarkable stories of personal struggles, yet some ending in tragedy. But, notable above all, is her excellent craft in characterization and how she clearly molds one character into becoming a totally disparate character, particularly the character of her protagonists, which any reader would have not thought of while immersed in the readings. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For one, Cather has an immense ability to give her protagonist definite descriptions of their physical attributes that amount to the nature of their character as is swiftly seen on the whole process of reading the story. With this, her protagonists are initially presented as mad men engaged in their own crazy world that other people cannot decipher. Take for example the story of On the Divide, the protagonist Canute is described as a big-framed guy with worn-out hair and a habit of drinking alcohol who lives alone in the wild plains. The story says: But he was not a social man by nature and had not the power of drawing out   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the social side of other people. His new neighbors rather feared him because of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   his great strength and size, his silence and his lowering brows. Perhaps, too,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   they knew that he was mad, mad from the eternal treachery of the plains.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Faulkner 493-504) With his physical descriptions and lifestyle, talks about his madness circle the neighborhood and frighten people. Thus, he is perceived by his neighbors to have the ability to hurt other neighbors. Another specific example is the story Paul’s Case wherein the protagonist Paul is depicted as a very tall and thin delinquent student who constantly makes his teachers agreeably feel a certain kind of dislike for him: His clothes were a trifle outgrown and the tan velvet on the collar of his open   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   overcoat was frayed and worn; but for all that there was something of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   dandy about him, and he wore an opal pin in his neatly knotted black four-in-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   hand, and a red carnation in his buttonhole. This latter adornment the faculty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   somehow felt was not properly significant of the contrite spirit befitting a boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   under the ban of suspension. (Faulkner 243-261) The nature of the protagonists in these stories is haunted by an air of madness which at first would make any reader think if they are the protagonists at all. But to say that a protagonist is perceived as one from the beginning of the story till the end is not true to all literary writing. There are times when a character transformation is technically imbued in the process of becoming an authentic protagonist. As I have said, Canute has initially been seen as the enemy of the neighbors. But along the way of his meeting Lena, the daughter of a new family neighbor who is not afraid of him, he is tamed by his feelings for her. Despite all the bullying and mockery from Lena, her family, and the neighbors for his unrequited love, he pursues his love for her by forcing marriage and showing her that he is a man of worth with a good heart, too. This Lena finds out at the end of the story when she finally surrenders and reveals to Canute that she would rather have him than any of her family during that very first cold night together. Canute reveals his soft personality by crying over what Lena has said, and finally winning Lena to believe his sincere love for her. As a reader, Canute’s character at the end has changed my perception of him, from a mad and solitary man into a man of good heart also in need of a companion in life. And Cather has proven her ability in creating a wonderful character development of her protagonist with Canute as a specific example. Another obvious nature of Cather’s protagonists is how these men readily seek comfort and share with the sufferings of women in their lives like the protagonists Everett and Clark in the stories A Death in the Desert and Wagner Matinee, respectively. Everett is a man caught up in the shadows of his famous elder brother musician who is often mistaken for him all his life. Even in love, Everett takes up the role of what his brother failed to do for her long time musician friend Katharine who is struck by a sickness that is about to take her to death. It was not the first time that his duty had been to comfort of the broken things   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   his brothers imperious speed had cast aside and forgotten. He made no   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   attempt to analyse the situation or to state it in exact terms; but he felt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Katharine Gaylords need for him, and he accepted it as a commission from his   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   brother to help this woman to die. (Faulkner 199-217) Everett, having been in love with Katharine since the old days, willingly shares his time to be with her and finally expresses how she meant in his life all along despite the fact that Katharine remains in love with his brother Adriance. On the other hand, Clark fulfills his naturally good protagonist character like Everett to his Aunt Georgina who has been graciously good to her. Clark says, â€Å"I owed to this woman most of the good that ever came my way in my boyhood, and had a reverential affection for her† (Faulkner 219-234). Clark displays his affection for the old lady as soon as he sees the weary look on her face and the disappointing evidence age and farm life have manifested in her body structure and manner of dressing. Grateful as ever for his Aunt’s goodness, Clark tries to repay it by bringing her to a musical show, the Wagner Matinee. Clueless of how his Aunt Georgina would react after long sad years of having been away from this kind of life, Clark watches her intently and finds out that her soul has been rekindled again by the wonderful music. Aunt Georgina cries to him and wishes not to go back home to the lonely farm. Everett and Clark are clear validations of the natural protagonists from the very beginning till the closing of the story as opposed to the characters of Canute and Paul. By their efforts to uplift the downtrodden states of these long-suffering women, that gives me as a reader a sense of admiration for Everett and Clark’s characters, which should be the case for observing natures of a protagonist. Perhaps, the very similar characteristic of Cather’s protagonists in the five stories mentioned earlier is their attachment to the arts. From Paul’s case to Everett to Clark, all involved in the magic of music, to MacMaster in The Marriage of Phaedra, associated in the art of painting. Theirs is a case of redemption found in the arms of music and painting. If there’s one story that comes short of my expectations, it is MacMaster’s character. His character is not extensively explored, except for his association with paintings and his similar appreciation of beauty in women like Everett and Canute, or at least in other minute details such as having shy nature like the other character-protagonists. Probably the revealing protagonist nature of MacMaster is only witnessed when, from being hesitant to get involved in personal matters of his late painter-friend Treffinger, he finally submits to James’ wish to help save the last unfinished painting of their friend Treffinger from being sold by the late painter’s wife, the Lady Ellen. But at one point, the reader might also share my sentiments that, maybe, James also divides with MacMaster the limelight of being a protagonist. Because despite his uncanny manner and speech, he has always been the one who continues to bring into life Treffinger’s last wish and forces MacMaster to talk to Lady Ellen about it from the start of the story. However, the question now lies not in who is the protagonist? But how do we characterize a protagonist during Cather’s time and in this contemporary time? Well, in my perspective, there may be a difference in the fiction’s time lines but the nature of an authentic protagonist stays the same. A modern-day protagonist, hero, or heroine for that matter is someone who is able to confront his weaknesses as a human being and be able to overcome it in time. Despite being beset with so many shortfalls in his or her nature, the so-called protagonist transforms this negative behavior and finds his way into transforming other people as well. Aside from this, the modern-day hero should be one who is eager enough to uplift the lowly conditions of other people without awaiting anything in return. Eventually, he or she finds redemption for himself or herself and for other men as well. Anybody can be a modern-day hero. You do not have to be a politician to serve the needs of the citizens. You do not have to be a preacher to transform the lives of your fellow men. Sad to say, but sometimes these same people who are placed in the highest levels of position are the ones who fail to show what it truly means to be a hero. Yet, this should not let us stop from seeking the hero that has been missing in our lives. Continue looking within or around you, who knows a modern-day hero could possibly only be hiding in the worn-out clothes of scavengers.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

How Did War Change People

How Did War Change People Tim O’Brien’s book The Things They Carried illustrates the impact of war experiences on the values and attitudes of soldiers. It is possible to identify several ways in which these people change. In particular, these characters reject their some of their ideals and stereotypes such as the fear of showing weakness or willingness to become leaders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Did War Change People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, many of these people are affected by the sense of guilt and horrors of war. They want to find ways of living through these painful events. These are the main issues that should be discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the characters described by Tim O’Brien become disillusioned with themselves as well as other people. This is the main argument that can be made. At first, it is important to look at the experience of the first-person narrator, Tim O ’Brien. It should be noted that this person decided to join the army because he did not want to be viewed as a coward (O’Brien 20). He is ashamed of evading the conscription since in his opinion, this behavior is completely unacceptable for a young man. The following quote illustrate his perception of war, â€Å"They carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing†( O’Brien 20). This is one of the main issues that should be considered because it throws light on the motives that drive the actions of the narrator. However, the war in Vietnam changes this person. He is strongly affected by the sense of guilt, especially after killing a man with a grenade. He tries to imagine what kind of life his victim had. He cannot distance himself from the tragedy and this experience is very traumatic. This event prompted him to re-evaluate many of his ideals and attitudes, especially the belief in the nobility of war. To a great extent, writin g helps to reconcile himself with the memories of violence. This example is important because it shows that war is inevitable associated with guilt. The narrator of these short stories is no longer an ambitious young man who does not want to display any sign of weakness. More likely, he is an emotionally-crippled person who attempts to restore his identity. This is one of the aspects that can be identified. Additionally, one should look at such a character Jimmy Cross whose worldview is profoundly affected by this war. One can say that he takes responsibility that he cannot handle. In particular, he becomes the leader of the platoon, and in this way he tries to demonstrate his best qualities. It should be taken into account that he joins the army only because many of his friends do so. So, his behavior can be partly attributed to peer pressure, but he does not see the irrationality of this decision. Furthermore, he is afraid of showing the signs of weakness or cowardice.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the war shatters many of his illusions. In particular, he learns that he is completely unaccustomed to the situations when a person has to accept the death of other people. This experience produces a destructive impact on Jimmy. Like Tim O’Brien, Jimmy is also overwhelmed by guilt which virtually haunts him. In particular, he accuses himself of Ted Lavender’s death. He believes that Ted’s death was caused by his negligence and lack of competence. Each death of a soldier on his platoon convinces him that leadership and courage are hardly possible without accepting responsibility for one’s decisions. This character tries to â€Å" burn the blame† but he fails to do it (O’Brien 22). Overall, this character is important because he turns into a disillusioned adult who no longer wants to be a leader. One should bear in mind that these experience are familiar to many soldiers lived through the war in Vietnam. Certainly, there are some exceptions that should not be overlooked. For example, such a character as Mitchell Sanders is also affected by war, but his worldview is not transformed dramatically. It should be noted that he does not have any illusions about war, and he is completely aware of its atrocity and senselessness. This is one of the traits that differs him from other characters described by the author. Apart from that, he has the sense of humor which enables him to live through the experiences of war. For example, he is able to mock those people who attempted to justify the war in Vietnam. Certainly, this person does not want to prove that he is a better soldier than others. Additionally, this war intensifies his sense of justice because he sees the deaths of many soldiers. This is why he is able to cope with the painful experiences of war. On the whole, these example s are important because they show that war cannot leave people unchanged. One of its main impacts is the disillusionment of people who are forced to see the cruelty of war. As it has been said before, many of these characters want to be perceived as courageous people, but they eventually become disappointed because they are overwhelmed by the feeling of guilt and horror of witnessing death. Thus, it is possible to argue that war prompts people to reassess many of their ideals. O’Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried, Boston: Mariner Books, 2009. Print.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Time Expressions in Spanish

Time Expressions in Spanish Here are some miscellaneous words and expressions of time, with an example of each used in a sentence: al cabo de (after) - Al cabo de una semana, si el paciente no ha respondido al tratamiento, la dosis puede ajustarse. After a week, if the patient hasnt responded to the treatment, the dose can be adjusted.  ¿A cuntos estamos?  ¿A cuntos estamos hoy? (What day is it?) cada dà ­a (each day, every day) - Cada dà ­a te quiero ms. I love you more each day. el fin de semana (weekend) - Disfrute de un fin de semana romntico en nuestro hotel. Enjoy a romantic weekend in our hotel. de hoy en ocho dà ­as (a week from today) - De hoy en ocho dà ­as nos parecer que fue todo un mal sueà ±o. A week from now it will seem to us like it was all a bad dream. pasado/a (last) - La semana pasada fuimos a la ciudad. Last week we went to the city. prà ³ximo/a (next) - La vacunacià ³n masiva comenzar la semana prà ³xima.The mass vaccination will begin next week. (Prà ³xima can also be placed before the time designation.)  ¿Quà © fecha es hoy? (What day is it today?) que viene (next) - El DVD estar disponible la semana que viene. The DVD will be available next week. quince dà ­as (two weeks, fortnight) - Cada quince dà ­as se extingue una de las 6.700 lenguas del mundo. Every two weeks one of the worlds 6,700 languages goes extinct. un rato (a while) - Y despuà ©s saltaba a la piscina y nadaba un rato. And afterward I would jump in the pool and swim for a while. todos los dà ­as (every day) - Jugar todos los dà ­as con los hijos es fundamental para su desarollo. Playing every day with your children is essential for their development.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Analytical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analytical summary - Essay Example Just like me, most of them also lack many friends. Adolescence is a difficult stage in human growth thus requiring caution. The quagmire stage presents several identity challenges thus commands close supervision and interactions with adults. Most teenagers experiment with sex a feature that presents myriad risks, as most of such sexual activities are unprotected. Besides the sex, the youngsters experiment with drugs among other contrabands. The fun and agility they attribute to such behaviors entice others into finding such admirable thus recruiting more. The stage just as stated earlier requires close parenting to help determine the close friends of a child since it is in such groups that they access the drugs among other hard substances such as alcohol. However, parenting is equally challenging since each style presents several challenges and may not often be effective. Instead of employing stringent policies at home, parents should engage their children. Through the dialogues and free discussions, children become free with their parents. Parents should permit their children to try some of the activities they caution thus making the children understand their effects and the need to avoid such (Seshadri

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

International Development Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Development Study - Essay Example Whereas some individuals may frown upon the fact that a college student does not declare a major, I believe that my lack of a major up until this point has enabled me to clearly engage with the course material that I have had the opportunity to learn as well as form an informed decision regarding what specific areas of interest capture both my overall interest and imagination. Accordingly, from the aforementioned reasons as well as a desire to analyze key situations that continue to define and divide our current world system, it is my wish to pursue a major within the IDS program. It should be further noted that during the course of my studies, I have maintained high marks and exceptional participation within each and every one of the courses that are tangentially related to the issues that would be covered within the international development studies program. Additionally, as my transcripts will show, I maintained a high level of scholastic achievement in all other associated coursework as well. As such, it is my request and hope that I will be considered for an opportunity to declare my major as an International Development

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Development of Management Essay Example for Free

The Development of Management Essay Q.1 (a) What are the functions of management? In your opinion which function is more important and why? Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every manger irrespective of his level or status. Planning It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, â€Å"Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are where we want to be†. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc. Organizing It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, â€Å"To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s†. To organize a business involves determining providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure. Staffing It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Kootz O’Donell, â€Å"Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure†. Directing It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Controlling It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann, â€Å"Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation†. According to Koontz O’Donell â€Å"Controlling is the measurement correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished. Planning is more important because, The first function of the Manager is planning. It is also the foremost and the essential function. Planning equips the Manager mentally to meet his tasks. To plan for the organization the Manager should first understand the culture and creed of the Organization, what it stands for what are its objectives. The Manager should study the resources available within the organization, as also the strength and weakness of the Organization. n the next phase the Manager should perceive the environment outside the organization and assess correctly the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It also consists of policies, procedures, methods, budgets, strategy and programmes that are needed to achieve the goals set. Decision-making is the most important and integral part of planning

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Wars throughout Time Essay -- essays research papers

Sometime during the course of World War II, the United States became the most powerful nation in the world. During the last two hundred or so years, the United States has fought ten major wars and innumerable smaller military actions. For the most part it has been successful, in some instances defeating some of the world’s most powerful countries. In other instances it has simply been lucky. A common threat throughout the nation’s existence has been the practice of indifference and neglect. Between wars the Army shrinks to a very small size. Funds and attention almost disappear. This policy of the US Army may well indeed danger the nation’s safety in the future Military strength includes not only the Army, but sea and air power as well which will not be considered here. The resources of a country such as population, size, wealth, and factories all contribute to a nation’s military might and to how fast it might be expanded. Military power for ground forces has traditionally been measured in terms like regiments, brigades, divisions, corps, and armies. In addition, an important distinction exists between the Regular Army (the permanent establishment officered with West Point graduates), the militia (very important to the nation’s military strength for the first hundred years, local part-time units), and the National Guard or Reserves (in modern times a strong back-up to the Regular Army). The combined sizes of these forces have fluctuated widely when the nation has been at a threat of war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was very important that they created an Army during the American Revolutionary War. The colonists had militias, which fought with the British against the French and Indians. But the revolt against England demanded much more. The Americans who wanted independence gave it a maximum effort. The population of the colonies barely numbered 3,000,000 in 1775. Of the available manpower, a very large proportion either fought with the British or stayed neutral. So for an estimated 184,000 men to have fought for the new nation before the war ended in 1783, the remainder had to contribute a lot. (Almanac 209)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new government was disorganized and needed money. Nevertheless, it created the Continental Army. It was organized as infantry in many regiments of about 800 men each. At any one time there were only about 15-20,0... ...ar II was the turning point. The rest of the world started fighting two years before Pearl Harbor. This gave the U.S. the time to expand its Army. It just barely did so (remember the Draft Act passing by one vote). Good fortune and luck allowed the policy of tiny peacetime army to work one more time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cold War changed this forever, reinforced by tough lesson in Korea. In the time since then, the state of the world and technology demands that Army not plan a grace period to expand. It has to plan to meet a potential crises with what it has ready. Technology has dropped the need for large numbers of divisions and fighting troops. But technology has conversely demanded that stockpiles of equipment and training be at high levels at all times. Future wars will be over long before new orders for weapons like cruise missiles can be placed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best way to prepare for the present is to learn and correct our mistakes from the past. The cost may be high, but the world remains a dangerous environment. Today the U.S. must have a ready-to-use Army of a size sufficient for any conflict ahead. This was not always true in the past.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Discriminatory Practice in Health and Social Care Essay

Unfortunately bullying is becoming more and more common amongst children, workmates, elderly and people with disabilities. There are three different types of bullying these are verbal bullying, social bullying and physical bullying. Verbal bullying is when you write or say bad things on people for example teasing or threatening. Social bullying is when you hurt someone’s feelings for example embarrassing someone publicly and leaving someone behind but on purpose. The last one physical bullying is when you hurt someone’s body such as hitting and pushing. So basically bullying is when someone use force, threat and intimidation on someone to dominate that person. An example of bullying is a careworker is using verbal bullying on a disabled person she keeps saying that he has no good to society, he’s waste of space etc. Abuse: Many people abuse others to maintain and gain power on other people so they can control them, often these people find the vulnerable so they will be afraid of them and will not report or talk to someone else. Abuse varies a lot some example of these are sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, financial abuse, verbal, emotional etc. Sexual abuse is when someone takes action and forces someone to do something sexually although they still don’t want to. Physical abuse is when you use physical force with the aim to hurt someone. Neglect is when your basic needs are not being given such as food, medicines, clean clothes and many more. The last one is emotional abuse this is a non-physical behavior words only are being used such as insulting and treats. For example a careworker who is catholic there is an elderly who is muslim who unfortunately he cannot speak so she neglected him she doesn’t give him clean clothes, sometimes she even doesn’t give the patient to eat etc because she knows he cannot saying anything. Prejudice: Prejudice is unsupported which usually it is a negative attitude to other people this may include bad feeling, stereotyped beliefs and it can also lead to discrimination. Basically it is prejudgments which usually they are negative about members of a society. There are many types of prejudice some of them are racism, sexism, classicism, nationalism, homophobia, agism and religious. So in a few words prejudice is when you form an opinion on someone before becoming aware of the important fact of the person based on their race, sexism, age, disability, religion and many more. An example of prejudice there is a patient in this home which he is a disabled person, he’s family doesn’t come visiting him and he doesn’t have many clothes so the careworker doesn’t value him like the others because he’s less than them because he looks poor. P3: Describe at least FOUR potential effects of discriminatory practices mentioned in Task 1 on the service users residing in this care home. When someone is being discriminated this will probably lead to many problems such as the person can be marginalization, having low self-esteem, disempowerment, restricted opportunities and many more. Marginalization: Marginalization is a process of a person or sometimes even whole communities that can be denied access to various rights, resources and opportunities  that normally are given to other people. Someone who is being marginalized, is being excluded from participating and belonging. Social exclusion often is based on an individual education status, social class, living standards, race, homelessness and even child hood relationships. This discrimination can occur with anyone such as people with disability, drug users, young people, adults, elderly. For example in this home we have two particular individuals who uses a wheelchair, once in a month a bingo is organized unfortunately the door to this hall is to thin and a wheelchair cannot pass, so these people cannot go. The careworkers knows that they can organized it in other rooms where a wheelchair can pass but they won’t because there is more light in this room. Disempowerment: Disempowerment is when a person or even sometimes a whole group is being discriminated against by other persons so this will lead for a person to feel disempowered. Some people that will be discriminated will have the courage to fight back and many times they will success at the other hand there will be individuals who will not fight against discrimination. So in a few words disempowerment is to make someone feel lower than you, everyone can be disempowered from young children to elderly so you need to fight it. As a result of disempowerment negatives emotions might occur such as becoming more depressed, self-obsessed, withdrawn, excluded, helpless, outsider, low self-worth and many more. An example of disempowerment is when an elderly is being told that she is not useful to society anymore by her carer this is making the patient feel useless, excluded and many more so the patient is being disempowerment. Low self-esteem: Low self-esteem is someone’s overall emotional and how they value themselves, it is an evaluation for her or his own worth. Self-esteem is a judgement on yourself in this case low self-esteem is when someone feels that s/he is not worth nothing they feel useless to society. Unfortunately a person could never had low self-esteem but s/he is being bullied from someone else’s and s/he starts feeling useless if it is not treated immediately this can lead to low self-esteem. Low self-esteem can leads to problem in relationships, bad choices on work and in life, low self-esteem doesn’t let you to choose the right decisions you need to make. For example in this house there is a  particular elderly who before he entered this house he didn’t have low self-esteem now he is being bullied by his carer he slaps him if he doesn’t want to eat any more resulting to this he now have low self-esteem that he doesn’t want to talk to anyone about it. Negative behavior: Negative behavior can happen to anyone it can be naturally the way how you respond to things is negative but others can occur negative behavior on previous experiences such as bullying. Many times when a person is being discriminated s/he becomes frustrated because of the unfair treatment that is been given to the individual. In health and social care we have to recognize a person and even respect everyone choices and identities. For a person who is being discriminated, to reduce the feeling of powerlessness many times this grief is expressed in aggression or sometimes even criminality. An example in our home a particular patient a disabled person as he arrived he was calm and happy unfortunately now he is so angry he keeps pushing things, yelling and saying bad things to people. After some time we saw from where this was coming a particular care worker used to bully him saying bad things about him, stealing his things and slapping him. M1: Assess the effects on those using the service of three different discriminatory practices in health and social care. First case is about prejudice about two older gay people, although last July the law became same sex can marry there are still people who cannot understand this. In this case these two gay people had gone through so much some of them were they faced themselves with carers praying for them because they were gay even some careres didn’t want to wash them or feed or care them because of their sexuality. At the end these two people felt disgraceful they didn’t know what else they’ve should done so someone will understand them so at the end they went to a new home separately so they won’t be more prejudiced. In this case the victim who are being discriminated are two old gay men, they were discriminated by their carers. The main base that they were being discriminated was because of their sexuality. Prejudice is when someone form an opinion about someone but before even knowing the relevant facts of the patient many times these are judged on age, disability, sexuality, race, language and more. The effect of this discrimination made the two people who  were being prejudiced awful they felt that they were doing something wrong they didn’t know what else they can do, so these old gay man decided they cannot be more prejudiced for both their safety and health they decided to separate ways and try living a normal life as society want them to be. The second case is about neglect a hospital who received suspended sentence when receiving suspended sentence for neglecting and abusing of patients. These patients most of them pensioners were left starving or in agony because nurses claim they are too busy to help. Some of examples of neglect to the patients were nurses taking minutes to respond the emergency buzzer, patients who were told by the nurse to soil his clothes because s /he was too busy to take the patient. A patient left without pillows or blankets, a patient that dropped hot soup on herself and left there without any help and many more. At the end the hospital had to pay a big fine and these nurses and carers were fired. In this case the victim are the patients in the hospital, they were neglected and abused by some of the nurses and carers. They were mostly discriminated on their age and race, neglect is a form of abuse where there is someone supposed to be responsible for the individual because s/he cannot take care of himself but this is not performed. For example the patient as indicated in the case no clean clothes were given, left starving etc so basically neglect is when a person’s basic needs are not given. The discriminatory practice that was on these patients was neglect and abuse the effect that was left on the patients they were scared to talk, they weren’t happy at the end although these staff were fired still the patients couldn’t feel safe in that hospital anymore. The last case who is still going on is about bullying, this case happened in Saint Catherine hospital a hospital which treat vulnerable adults with disabilities such as autism, dementia, learning difficu lties and many more. These adults were bullied by three health workers they punched, slapped, threatened and even sometimes they used to drag the patient by their hair and thrown into a ball pool. Most of the patients cannot speak and other staff members were too scared to report this abuse. They used to lock someone in a cupboard and stopped the patient from getting out by putting another patient with a wheelchair against the cupboard also they used to throw pillows to a patient that had learning difficulties. After a staff member had the courage to report, the case is now being processed. In this case the victims are  disabled patients with most of them with learning difficulties in a hospital where they were supposed to be given treatment. They were bullied by three staff these were care assistants Ms.S.Murphy, Ms.J.Burge and a physiotherapist Mr.M.Barnard. They were mostly discriminated about their disability and they knew that they couldn’t talk. The type of discriminatory in this case is bullying is when someone threat, use force or abuse others to feel more dominate. The effects of bullying on these patients made them feel more and more powerless and that they cannot let anyone near them because they are going to hurt them. I would like to see justice with these people and get what they deserve. References: Answers.com, (2015). What is disempowerment in health and social care. [online] Available at: http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_disempowerment_in_health_and_social_care [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Ask.com, (2015). What does overt discrimination mean? | Ask.com. [online] Available at: http://www.ask.com/world-view/overt-discrimination-mean-75fe5216daacda68 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. BusinessDictionary.com, (2015). What is marginalization? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marginalization.html [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Changesuk.net, (2015). How it feels to be disempowered – Changes | Changes. [online] Available at: http://changesuk.net/2013/05/29/how-it-feels-to-be-disempowered/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Cherry, K. (2015). What Is the Psychology Behind People’s Prejudices?. [online] About.com Education. Available at: http://psychology.about.com/od/pindex/g/prejudice.htm [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Encyclopedia.com, (2015). M arginalization Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Marginalization. [online] Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Marginalization.aspx [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. health, O. (2007). Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health. [online] News-Medical.net. Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/news/2007/06/01/25896.aspx [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Helpguide.org, (2015). Child Abuse & Neglect: Recognizing, Preventing, & Reporting Child Abuse. [online] Available at: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect.htm [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. http://www.apa.org, (2015). Bullying. [online] Available at: http://www.apa.org/topics/bullying/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Journals.rcni.com, (2015). [online] Available at: http://journals.rcni.com/doi/pdfplus/10.7748/nop2001.07.13.5.18.c2183 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Leadership Freak, (2013). Overcoming the Disempowerment of HR. [online] Available at: https://leadershipfreak.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/overcoming-the-disempowerment-of-hr/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Slideshare.net, (2008). EMPOWERMENT POWERPOINT. [online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/readysetpresent/empowerment-powerpoint-content-presentation?next_slideshow=1 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Stopbullying.gov, (2015). Bullying Definiti on | StopBullying.gov. [online] Available at: http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/definition/index.html [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Taormina-Weiss, W. and Disabilities, T. (2015). The Costs of Marginalizing People with Disabilities. [online] Disabled World. Available at: http://www.disabled-world.com/editorials/marginalizing.php [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. the Guardian, (2013). Winterbourne View: have lessons been learned?. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/2013/oct/10/winterbourne-view-bbc-panorama [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Wikipedia, (2015). Bullying. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Wikipedia, (2015). Prejudice. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Wikipedia, (2015). Self-esteem. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteem [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Wordnik.com, (2015). Wordnik. [online] Available at: https://www.wordnik.co m/words/disempowerment [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. www.loveisrespect.org, (2015). What is Sexual Abuse?. [online] Available at: http://www.loveisrespect.org/is-this-abuse/types-of-abuse/what-is-sexual-abuse [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Marsden, S. (2013). NHS staff ‘threw cushions at disabled patient as target practice’. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy Essay

The problem of evil is a significant and enduring philosophical and theological debate. A question is often raised and discussed: if God is both all-loving and all-powerful, then how can evils-including natural evil and moral evil—exist in our world? In response to the charge that the evils of the world are incompatible with God’s omnipotence and perfect goodness, the word†theodicy† is coined to deal with the problem of evil. Usually it is an attempt to show that it is possible to affirm the omnipotence of God, the love of God, and the reality of evil without contradiction. Two of the most well-known and most frequently discussed theodicies are the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. The Augustinian theodicy was constructed by Saint Augustine (345-430 AD) and is the main traditional Christian response to the problem of evil. The Augustinian Theodicy holds the view that because God is perfect, the world was created free of imperfections. God cannot be blamed for evil and suffering since God didn’t create them, on the contrary, evil comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly and choose through free will to sin and disobey God. Natural evil is an appropriate punishment because humanity destroyed the natural order, we have all sinned so we all deserve to be punished. Quite different from the Augustinian theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy which was created by Saint Irenaeas (130-202 AD) and later developed by John Hicks and Richard Swinburne doesn’t see the world as created all-good and describes an almost opposite process compared with the Augustinian theodicy. It holds that humans were initially created as immature and imperfect beings; they were created in the image of God, but not His likeness. Mankind’s goal is to achieve that likeness. Such perfection and likeness of God cannot be ready-made, it can only be developed through free will choices, and we can only become moral and develop through making moral judgments. Natural evil has to be created in order to help man progress. According to Irenaean theodicy, the suffering of the world will be justified with the reward of heaven, and this is a heaven for all, everybody will go to heaven by achieving the likeness of God. The following passages are mainly devoted to the discussion of the distinctions between the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. First, the different theories of evil are where a foremost and drastic distinction emerges. In the Augustinian theodicy, the main philosophical position is the idea of the negative or privative nature of evil. Evil here is seen as a matter of privation-in each created being, evil is that which deprives it of the particular form or purpose which is natural to it. In other words, evil is not substance, not a â€Å"thing†, but a privation of good, an absence of good and a falling away from good. It always consists of the malfunctioning of something that is in itself good. For example, shadow is not a proliferation of darkness, but an absence of light. Since evil is a lack of something, it is not something that was created by God, but comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly. When human being’s free will abandons what is above itself and turns to what is lower, it becomes evil. So human beings are totally responsible for evil because evil is the result of hu man error. In the Irenaean theodicy, however, evil plays an important role in the gradual creation of a perfected humanity through life in a highly imperfect world. Then a question â€Å"Why can’t God just create us as perfect as in Augustinian theodicy?† is raised. To this question, John Hick gave a fully and vivid explanation in his book Philosophy of Religion. He cleverly points out: if the world were a paradise from which all possibility of pain and suffering were excluded, then the consequences would be very far-reaching, nothing bad, nothing suffering would exist in this world, no one could ever be injured by accident, people could do anything immoral they want without hurting other people†¦ As a result, in a world free of real dangers, difficulties, problems, obstacles, there will be no meaning for the real good qualities as generosity, kindness, love, prudenceetc to exist. God had to allow the possibility of evil, because if there were no such possibility man would not be free to choose good over evil. If there were no evil and suffering humans would always follow God’s law because there would be no difficulties in doing so. The evils in this world are required by a God of love who seeks the development of his free creatures from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. In other words, we human beings learn to be morally mature enough to grow closer to God. Evil can lead us to the final goodness and perfection. In this regard, God is partly  responsible for the evil in the world. Second, Augustine sticks close to the biblical text, whereas Irenaeus ties his theory less to the biblical text. As the more authentically biblical view, the Augustinian theodicy is based on the Bible and does not contradict the scriptures; it follows the traditional Christian interpretation of the creation story in the Genesis: God creates the world perfectly in six days, Adam and Eve—-the ancestors of human beings—live in the Garden of Eden happily, until one day Eve is tempted by a serpent and eats the forbidden fruits and is finally driven out of the Paradise. By eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil Eve commits the first sin. Augustine’s theodicy could be seen as consistent with this interpretation of the text. Moreover, he uses other Biblical ideas of God, and defends the perfection of God by maintaining that evil is a privation and not a substance, and that evil comes from human sinfulness. Humans deserve the consequences of natural evil and they are responsible for their own suffering through abuse of their own free will. The Irenaeus theodicy, on the contrary, is not compatible with biblical teaching. As a matter of fact, it is in many ways just the opposite of the interpretation of the Bible by claiming that God is partially responsible for evils. Third, in comparison to the Augustinian theodicy being a â€Å"Soul deciding† theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy is a â€Å"Soul making† theodicy. â€Å"Soul deciding† means that different consequences come as a result of the free will of human beings. So if a person chooses to do a morally wrong act a consequence will follow. A â€Å"soul making† theodicy is applied by irenaeus, which means to move from the state of imperfection through moral struggle toward eventual completed humanization. Besides the distinctions mentioned in the above passages, the Augustinian theodicy and Irenaean theodicy are often compared by people in many other aspects. For instance, Augustine leaves some people a long way from God whereas Irenaeus explains how everyone can reach heaven through moral struggle; for Augustine God is remote from man, having been distanced by his sin whereas for Irenaeus, as we make this progress we grow closer to God, reducing the epistemic distance between us and God; the Augustine’s theodicy is often thought of as a pessimistic and â€Å"tragic†Ã‚  theodicy whereas the Irenaean theodicy is generally conceived as a â€Å"comic† theodicy as is more positive and optimistic. Not surprisingly, the two theodicies also have some similarities, the most common one is that both of them trace evil back to human free will: for Augustine it is the reason why angels and human beings fall from the ultimate goodness of heaven, and what they use to disobey God, but for Irenaeus it is a part of God’s plan because it allows self-development, people also use this free will to disobey God and it causes suffering, but this suffering can help them to develop their character in order to choose to embrace goodness or evil. In conclusion, the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy are two sharply contrasted theodicies: the Augustinian theodicy which is also known as the â€Å"soul deciding† theodicy, stresses the role of the Fall, and sees evil as either sin or the result of sin; whereas the Irenaean theodicy, which regards evil as a requirement by a God of love to let his free creatures to develop from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. Thus, our world becomes â€Å"the vale of soul-making†. Since the day of their births, the two theodicies have respectively received many praises as well as criticisms and challenges. Many deficiencies are found in both of the two theodicies. As a matter of fact, the problem of evil, far from being solved, is still open to discussion. References Day, Elizabeth. â€Å"Geneticist claims to have found’God gene’ in humans.† The Washington TimesWorld. 15 Nov 2004. Copyright 2004 News WorldCommunications, Inc. Hick, John. â€Å"An Irenaean Theodicy.† A John HickReader. Ed. Paul Badham. Philadelphia:Trinity Press International, 1990. 88-105. Ridley, Matt. Genome. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2000

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Hawaiian Monk Seal Facts

Hawaiian Monk Seal Facts Most seals live in icy waters, but the Hawaiian monk seal makes its home in the warm Pacific Ocean around Hawaii. The Hawaiian monk seal is one of only two current monk seal species. The other current species is the Mediterranean monk seal, while the Caribbean monk seal was declared extinct in 2008. Native Hawaiians call the seal ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua, which means dog that runs in rough water. The monk seals scientific name, Neomonachus schauinslandi, honors German scientist Hugo Schauinsland, who discovered a monk seal skull on Laysan Island in 1899. Fast Facts: Hawaiian Monk Seal Scientific Name: Neomonachus schauinslandi  Common Names: Hawaiian monk seal, Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua (dog that runs in rough water)Basic Animal Group: MammalSize: 7.0-7.5 feetWeight: 375-450 poundsLife Span: 25-30 yearsDiet: CarnivorousHabitat: Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian IslandsPopulation: 1,400Conservation Status: Endangered Description The monk seal gets its common name for the short hairs on its head, which are said to resemble those of a stereotypical monk. It is earless and lacks the ability to turn its hind flippers under its body. The Hawaiian monk seal is distinguishable from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) by its slender body, gray coat, and white belly. It also has black eyes and a short whiskered snout. Habitat and Distribution Hawaiian monk seals live in the Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian Islands. Most of the breeding populations occur in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, although monk seals are also found in the main Hawaiian Islands. The seals spend two-thirds of their time at sea. They haul-out to rest, molt, and give birth. Diet and Behavior The Hawaiian monk seal is a reef carnivore that preys on bony fish, spiny lobster, eels, octopus, squid, shrimp, and crabs. Juveniles hunt during the day, while adults hunt at night. Monk seals usually hunt in water ranging from 60-300 feet deep, but have been known to forage below 330 meters (1000 feet). Monk seals are hunted by tiger sharks, Galapagos sharks, and great white sharks. Reproduction and Offspring Hawaiian monk seals mate in the water between June and August. In some breeding colonies, there is a much higher number of males than females, so mobbing of females occurs. Mobbing can lead to injuries or death, further skewing the sex ratio. Gestation takes about nine months. The female monk seal gives birth on the beach to a single pup. While they are solitary animals, females have been known to care for pups born to other seals. Females stop eating during nursing and remain with the pups. At the end of six weeks, the mother leaves the pup and returns to the sea to hunt. Females reach maturity around age 4. Researchers are not certain of the age at which males become mature. Hawaiian monk seals can live 25 to 30 years. While nursing, a female seal stops eating and remains with her pup. Thessa Bugay / FOAP / Getty Images Threats Hawaiian monk seals face numerous threats. Natural threats include habitat reduction and degradation, climate change, skewed gender ratios, and low juvenile survival rates. Human hunting has resulted in extremely low genetic diversity within the species. Monk seals die from entanglement in debris and fishing gear. Introduced pathogens, including toxoplasmosis from domestic cats and leptospirosis from humans, have infected some seals. Even minimal human disturbance causes seals to avoid beaches. Overfishing has led to reduced prey abundance and increased competition from other apex predators. Conservation Status The Hawaiian monk seal is a conservation-reliant endangered species. This status indicates that human intervention is essential to the monk seals survival, even if its population becomes self-sustaining. According to the IUCN Red List, only 632 mature individuals were identified on the species last assessment in 2014. In 2016, there was an estimated total of 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals. Overall, the population is in decline, but the smaller population of seals living around the main Hawaiian islands is growing. Disturbing a Hawaiian monk seal is illegal. Violators face a hefty fine. Teresa Short / Getty Images The Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Monk Seal aims to save the species by increasing awareness of the seals plight and intervening on its behalf. The plan includes increased monitoring of seal population, vaccination programs, dietary supplementation, protecting pups, and relocation of some animals to better habitats. Hawaiian Monk Seals and Humans In 2008, the monk seal was designated the state mammal of Hawaii. The animals sometimes haul-out onto beaches that may be frequented by tourists. This is normal behavior. Seal and other marine mammals are protected, so while it may be tempting to get close to take a picture, this is prohibited. Take photos from a safe distance and be sure to keep dogs far away from the seal. Sources Aguirre, A.; T. Keefe; J. Reif; L. Kashinsky; P. Yochem. Infectious disease monitoring of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 43 (2): 229–241, 2007. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.229Gilmartin, W.G. Recovery plan for the Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1983.Kenyon, K.W. and D.W. Rice. Life History Of the Hawaiian Monk Seal. Pacific Science. 13, July, 1959.Perrin, William F.; Bernd Wursig; J. G. M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. p. 741, 2008. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.  Schultz, J. K.; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Journal of Heredity. 1. 100 (1): 25–33, 2009. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn077

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Research and Theory Behind the Sociology of Education

Research and Theory Behind the Sociology of Education The sociology of education is a diverse and vibrant subfield that features theory and research focused on how education as a social institution is affected by and affects other social institutions and the social structure overall, and how various social forces shape the policies, practices, and outcomes of schooling. While education is typically viewed in most societies as a pathway to personal development, success, and social mobility, and as a cornerstone of democracy, sociologists who study education take a critical view of these assumptions to study how the institution actually operates within society. They consider what other social functions education might have, like for example socialization into gender and class roles, and what other social outcomes contemporary educational institutions might produce, like reproducing class and racial hierarchies, among others. Theoretical Approaches within the Sociology of Education Classical French sociologist Émile Durkheim was one of the first sociologists to consider the social function of education. He believed that moral education was necessary for society to exist  because it provided the basis for the social solidarity that held society together. By writing about education in this way, Durkheim established the functionalist perspective on education. This perspective champions the work of socialization that takes place within the educational institution, including the teaching of society’s culture, including moral values, ethics, politics, religious beliefs, habits, and norms. According to this view, the socializing function of education also serves to promote social control  and to curb  deviant behavior. The symbolic interaction  approach to studying education focuses on interactions during the schooling process and the outcomes of those interactions. For instance, interactions between students and teachers, and social forces that shape those interactions like race, class, and gender, create expectations on both parts. Teachers expect certain behaviors from certain students, and those expectations, when communicated to students through interaction, can actually produce those very behaviors. This is called the â€Å"teacher expectancy effect.† For example, if a white teacher expects a black student to perform below average on a math test when compared to white students, over time the teacher may act in ways that encourage black students  to underperform. Stemming from Marxs theory of the relationship between workers and capitalism, the conflict theory approach to education examines the way educational institutions and the hierarchy of degree levels contribute to the reproduction of hierarchies and inequalities in society. This approach recognizes that schooling reflects  class, racial, and gender stratification, and tends to reproduce it. For example, sociologists have documented in many different settings how tracking of students based on class, race, and gender effectively sorts students into classes of laborers and managers/entrepreneurs, which reproduces the already existing class structure rather than producing social mobility. Sociologists who work from this perspective also assert that educational institutions and school curricula are products of the dominant worldviews, beliefs, and values of the majority, which typically produces educational experiences that marginalize and disadvantage those in the minority in terms of race, class, gender, sexuality, and ability, among other things. By operating in this fashion, the educational institution is involved in the  work of reproducing power, domination, oppression, and inequality within society.  It is for this reason that there have long been campaigns across the U.S. to include ethnic studies courses in middle schools and high schools, in order to balance a curriculum otherwise structured by a white, colonialist worldview. In fact, sociologists have found that providing ethnic studies courses to students of color who are on the brink of failing out or dropping out of high school effectively re-engages and inspires them, raises their overall grade point average and improves their academic performance overall. Notable Sociological Studies of Education Learning to Labour, 1977, by Paul Willis. An ethnographic study set in England focused on the reproduction of the working class within the school system.Preparing for Power: Americas Elite Boarding Schools, 1987, by Cookson and Persell. An ethnographic study set at elite boarding schools in the U.S. focused on the reproduction of the social and economic elite.Women Without Class: Girls, Race, and Identity, 2003, by Julie Bettie. An ethnographic study of how gender, race, and class intersect within the schooling experience to leave some without the cultural capital necessary for social mobility within society.Academic Profiling:  Latinos, Asian Americans, and the Achievement Gap, 2013, by Gilda Ochoa. An ethnographic study within a California high school of how race, class, and gender intersect to produce the achievement gap between Latinos and Asian Americans.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Analysis of Various Artworks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Various Artworks - Assignment Example The paper "Analysis of Various Artworks" analyzes Marcel Duchamp's "Sad young man in a train", Robert Rauschenberg's "Creek", Joseph Beuys' "Rabbit" and Andy Warhol's "Butterfly". Exploring everything from cubism to futurism, Sad Young man in a Train pertains to his mechanistic period, when he was keenly concerned with depicting a fourth dimension in art. Marcel regarded it as a self portrait, and is shows a sad young man who is smoking in a train. The reverse direction of movement, the many windows and the effect of the man smoking all have been captured in the juxtaposition of movement that is shown by this masterpiece. When it comes to proportion, there is consistency portrayed in the artwork by pairing dark and golden tones with soft tones, used to depict movement which makes the meaning being reflected by the artwork consistent. Also, emphasis is used through the contrast of dark and bright colours to express reality. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) was a prominent American pain ter known for his Neo-Dadism, a label represented by him and fellow artist Jasper Johns. He was interested in exploring the gap between life and art. His creations of the 1950s called Combines were inspired by everyday objects that he found on the streets of New York; he often found surprising objects that he transformed into art. He was also one of the first to combine art and mechanics. The painting entitled Creek probably pertains to his Blue period since there is a preponderance of blue in the image.