Mozart Effect - 1414 Words

â€Å"Mozart Effect† The Mozart effect has two general definitions. Firstly, it is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as spatial-temporal reasoning. And also it is popularized versions of the theory, which suggest that listening to Mozart makes you smarter, or that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development. The term was first found by Alfred A. Tomatis who used Mozarts music as the listening stimulus in his work attempting to cure a variety of disorders. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell. It is based on an experiment published in†¦show more content†¦In addition, music has been evaluated to see if it has other properties. The April 2001 edition of Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine assessed the possible health benefits of the music of Mozart. John Jenkins played Sonata K.448 to patients with epilepsy and found a decrease in epileptiform activity. According to the British Epilepsy Organization, research has suggested that apart from Mozarts K.448 and Piano Concerto No. 23, only one other piece of music has been found to have a similar effect; a song by the Greek composer Yanni, entitled Acroyali/Standing in Motion. It was determined to have the Mozart effect, by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine because it was similar to Mozarts K.448 in tempo, structure, melodic and harmonic consonance and predictability. I found some information from Rocky Mountain News. Their program was called â€Å"Music a sound contribution to healing† about good Samaritan taking cacophony out of hospital care, made by Samean Yun in May 31, 2005. The sound of a loon, native to New Hampshire, is coming from what appear to be rocks in front of Exempla Good Samaritan Medical Center, sitting in the middle of the rolling Colorado plains. Its perhaps incongruous, but the sound makes visitors feel as if theyre inside a peaceful forest. Don Campbell, whom we are already known about as the author of the best-selling book â€Å"The Mozart Effect ¨, has put together a library of world music to play at selectShow MoreRelatedThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead MoreThe Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it is understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhancedRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. WhenRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To ma ny, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreEssay On Mozart Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect, broadly stated, is the idea that music can help with many other aspects of a student’s education. Its research started decades ago and is still highly debated today, with some condition to the findings. However, in Bob Duke’s article, he explains why it doesn’t matter whether of not it helps tests scores. He believes we should not be using this as an excuse for keeping music programs because there are countless better reasons. Duke’s article highly reinforced why I personally believeRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a study that shows listening to classical music can have positive effects on learning and attitude. This occurrence is called the Mozart Effect, and it has been proven in experiments by many scientists. This research has caused much controversy between believers and nonbelievers, because The Mozart Effect is said to enhance the brain and reasoning; it is also used to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety; it induces relaxation or sleep; and the Mozart Effect activates the bodyRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreMusic Of Mozart Effect On Children1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Mozart effect† is a statement based on research studies claiming that listening to the music of Mozart may produce an increase in your IQ and performance in certain types of mental tasks. This effect was applied not just to adults, but later also to unborn and postpartum babies up to 60 days old. The â€Å"Mozart effect† stemmed from research carried out in 1993 by researchers Frances H. Rauscher, Gordon L. Shaw and Katherine N. Ky at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at UC IrvineRead MoreEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: theRead MoreThe Mozart Effect of Boosting IQ863 Words   |  3 Pagesthemselves as entrepreneurs are going along with this and trying to build up their IQs because they feel it may end up helping them in the long run. This people are the ones who are motivation is the center of this book by Don Campbell called â€Å"The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind and Unlock the Creative Spirit†. Music is what has a outstanding result on individuals because they tend to take time to listen to Music, and this people are the ones who possess

Critique Of The Global Arena - 1583 Words

An Article Critique on Branding in the Global Arena: The Role of Culture Howard Schultz, the founder of Starbucks, puts it best when he stated: â€Å"If people believe they share values with a company, the will stay loyal to a brand† (Fifield, 2015, para. 8). The values Schultz refers too are defined as â€Å"the moral principles and beliefs or accepted standards of a person or social group† (Collins Dictionary Website, 2016, expression 5). In this qualitative study, â€Å"Branding in The Global Arena: The Role of Culture† (Krueger Nandan, 2008) the significance of culture in formulating and maintaining an effective global strategy is discussed. This study by Krueger and Nandan examine branding in the global context, cultural dimensions that affect branding including specific examples from China and India, and key issues for global companies. The purpose of this critique is examinee Krueger and Nandan’s study, by examining the articles key components listed above and identifying strengths and weaknesses of the following; the a rticle’s research purpose, methodology, results, and discussion. Krueger and Nandan’s research is written clearly and concisely in a manner that is easy for the reader to follow. The research has a clear thesis statement which is stated in its introduction, and the body of the research addresses the problem identified in the thesis; the conclusion also addresses the thesis statement. Key terms applicable to the reader understanding the research are addressed andShow MoreRelatedA Critique Of Capitalism And The Power Of The Bourgeoisie Class1744 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Theory is defined as â€Å"is a critique of capitalism, its appropriation of the surplus value of collective work, and its commodification of every aspect of our modern society† (Ward, p.1). In this essay I will argue that although perhaps not inherently intentionally, both liberal and realism, in all of their forms, represent hegemonic ideology, and that this has been proven throughout history, and therefore support much of Marxist theory surrounding capitalism a nd the power of the bourgeoisieRead MoreDo Marx s Views On Capitalism Provide Any Insights Into Economic Globalisation Today? Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesviews on capitalism provide any insights into economic globalisation today? Globalization in one of the main driving forces within today s modern world. It is the historical process and transformational development in the global arena, where growth and establishment of global connections in the international community continues to evolve. It is a widely used phrase, that in different contexts can be used as both the cause and effect of many different things. 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For the first time we began to look at an individual for more than their country of origin or religious denomination and simply stated that we are all humans and under a global community deserve respect and specific rights that all countries are responsible for. The individual during this time more than ever became the focus of the creation of the laws that would follow from thereon (Orakhelashvili, 2000). The opinionsRead MoreReflection Of The Obama Doctrine1662 Words   |  7 PagesKentaro Quick POL S 321 B Response Paper 3 May 22, 2016 Prompt 3: In reflection of the â€Å"Obama Doctrine† At the end of their term, each president is subject to critique regarding their competency in office. One important aspect that is heavily looked at is their legacy in the arena of foreign relations. Presidents are remembered for the impact they have made to the world for better or for worse. An example of this can be Franklin D. Roosevelt and George W. Bush. Both are former presidentsRead MoreThe Asian Value Debate686 Words   |  3 Pageslacked a regional institutional mechanism, and because of this ‘Asian Values’ has been interpreted differently by different ethnic and religious groups (Langguth, 2003). Mahathir introduced the concept of Asian values in the 1990’s where there was global democratization, political and economic stability before the currency crisis of July 1997, which shocked Asian countries (Naisbitt, 1997). Asian values were advocated by Mahathir to try to unite Malaysia as a nation. He used it as a platform to claimRead MoreThe Strategy Of Environmental Treaty Making1469 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational relations (a notable and heavily discussed example is the aim to sustain an effective ozone layer). 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Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment. Answer: Introduction: Malaysia is a prominent nation of South East Asia and is covering the parts of the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo. The nation is a well known tourist destination and is attracting thousands of tourists across the globe for its beautiful beaches. The nation is constituted with thirteen states and three federal territories. With a 31.9 million [as per World Bank, 2016] population the country is the 44th most populous nation of the world and the population of the country is growing at a rate of 1.95% per anunm. The multi-ethnic and multi-cultural profile [Malay 50.1%, Chinese 22.6%, indigenous 11.8%, Indian 6.7%, other 0.7%, non-citizens 8.2%] of the country has a big impact over the political and economic conditions of the country(Jomo, K.S., 2016). The current rate of unemployment in Malaysia is around 3.5% [July, 2017].The average rate of inflation of the country was around 2.09% in the year of 2016.According to the world bank the GDP per capita of the country was around 9,502.57 USD in 2016(Ismail, 2011).The study of the historical data reveals the fact that the GDP per capita of the country has registered a continuous growth from 1995 onwards [$4328]. In order to reduce the level of youth unemployment the government of Malaysia has taken the policy decisions to develop effective strategies in order to transform the national education system. The institutions of higher learning will be empowered with greater autonomy and accountability to produce technologically savvy well educated graduates who will be capable to handle the recent technology challenges and to add value to the technical manufacturing centre of the country. The study of the historical data regarding the rate of unemployment reveals the fact that the average rate of unemployment for the country was around 3.28% for the period between 1998-2017.The country has seen an all time high rate of inflation of 4.50% in March, 1999.The current rate of unemployment of the country is around 3.5% and by 2020 it is expected that the rate of unemployment of the country will stay around 2.75%( Lucas and Verry, 2016). Describes that 61% of the age group is concentrated within the age group of 15-24 years.20% of the unemployment is present in the age group of 25-29 years. Thus majority of the countries unemployed workforce are from the youth population.Thus the youth population is the most vulnerable group so far the problem of unemployment is concerned in Malaysia (Ibrahim and Mahyuddin, 2017). The youth unemployment is the most striking problem of the nation. By the end of 2015 the rate of youth unemployment of the nation has reached to a rate of 10.7%.According to Bank Negara [Central Bank Of Malaysia] the youth unemployed population accounts for half of the total unemployed population of the country. Youth population are the section of the population that is most badly hit by the problem of unemployment. Because in an economy where is dearth of job the youth population is hired last and retrenched first due lack education or degrees of higher studies. From the above figure it can be seen that the youths who are the diploma holders and who are in the monthly family income bracket of less than RM 1000 are facing maximum problem [As 42% of these people are unemployed]to get a job in Malaysia. Youth unemployment is a huge problem for the country Malaysia. Within this age group of 15-24 years who are eligible to work only 16% are having the tertiary education and remaining 84% of this age group has received secondary education. And within the unemployed youth workforce 77% are having non tertiary education and 23% are having the tertiary education (Thestar.com.my, 2017. Thus it can be seen that youth with tertiary education are covering the greater portion of the unemployed youth when compared with that of the overall unemployed youth workforce. The tertiary youth unemployment rate of the country was around 15.3% and the non-tertiary youth unemployment rate of the country was around 9.8 %( Tang, 2009). The figure-5 demonstrates that the GDP per capita of the country Malaysia has registered a continuous upward trend for the period of 1960-2016 with some occasional decline in the growth rate. However during the decades of 2006-2016 the economy has registered the maximum growth as the average growth rate for the period was around 53%. The growth of the domestic demand (7.7% demand in the first quarter, 2017) of the nation has propelled the expenditure both in the public and private sector of the economy. As a result of which the private expenditure of the nation has grown at a rate of 6.6% and the public expenditure of the nation has grown at a rate of 7.5% during the first quarter of 2017(Zamberi , 2013). The growth of private investment at a rate of 7.5% has also acted as a prominent growth driver with respect to the Malaysian economy(Woo,2009). The inflow of foreign direct investment has also added to the growth of the economy and is identified as one of the major drivers of the economic growth of the country. In the year 2016 the country has realized a 40% growth with respect to the inflow of FDI with in the country and the volume of such FDI is around MYR 50 billion(Bekhet, and Mugableh, 2016). Though unemployment has become a serious issue in the country but the country has managed to maintain good stability in the labour market. Though the rate of unemployment of the country is growing steadily from 2014, but still the country has managed to control the rate of unemployment in between 3.2% to 3.5%.During this period the nominal wage of the country has grown at stable rate of 4.5%. But this is not the solution of the persistent problem of unemployment that is present in Malaysia. Because if the country fails to control the issue then the economy has to face the following long term impacts which in turn will affect the growth perspective of the economy(Karimi and Yusop, 2009). The possible impact of presence of Unemployment in the economy will be as follows: If the country fails to solve the problem of youth unemployment then there will be huge unrest among the society. Among the youth population the educated youths of the Malaysia are the worst affected section of the unemployed workforce and if they fails to get a job then the young population will lose their trust over the higher educational system of the country and eventually will leave the nation in search of better jobs(Kefela, 2010). Thus youth unemployment will lead to large scale brain drain in the country and the growth of the technical sectors, service sectors of the economy will lose the educated intelligent workforce when needed. Thus the issue of youth unemployment is badly hampering the development of the future workforce and long term growth perspective of the economy. Due to the problem of unemployment the hiring process of the economy becomes slow which in turn leads to slow development of the effective workforce which intern will affect the overall demand and production of the economy(Lucas and Verry,2016). Unemployment also affects the income of an individual. If an individual continues to earn lower income for a prolonged period then the individual will be forced his consumption demand which in turn will reduce the production of the economy. The reduction of demand, consumption and then production with reduce the overall expenditure of the economy. A low demand for production and consumption will reduce the overall output of the economy which in turn will bring retardation in the economic growth of the country ( Lim et al.,, 2008). Besides unemployment has a very bad impact over the society. The eligible persons who are failing to get suitable jobs may become so much frustrated that they may give up searching for jobs permanently and will then become a part of long term unemployment of the country. Besides presence of unemployment will also lead to underutilization of resources within the country as a result of which the country will never be able to produce the level of output that ensures long term growth sustainability(Singh, and Singh, 2008). In Malaysia there is a great deal of frictional and cyclical unemployment among the young educated population of Malaysia. When the educated youths are trying to move from one job to another for improvement of their carer then they are facing a lot of difficulties which is badly harming their self confidence and moral. Again as the educated young are failing to get the standard of job they are looking for then they are becoming the victim of cyclical unemployment(Lim, 2017). Thus in brief it can be said that though the growth of the Malaysian economy has not being much affected by the presence of unemployment as the growth of the economy has been shielded by the different growth drivers discussed above but in the long run if the issue of the unemployment persists then the economy will face a reduction in demand production that will result in overall reduction of the economic output of the country. If some of the growth drivers of the country become weak in near future, then the economic growth rate of the country will be badly hampered by the presence of staggered unemployment in the economy. Therefore immediate measures are to be taken for controlling the issue of unemployment with ion the economy. As per the education Blueprint (2015-2025) Malaysia in order to handle the problem of youth unemployment s meaningful strategies are to be developed for transforming the national education system so that they can produce well educated technical workforce. Besides the scope and opportunities of the vocational trainings are to be enhanced for making the educated youth more eligible for the available job world of the country Development of a comprehensive social security sector is essential in order to protect the unemployed workforce from frustration and loss of moral. MARKET POLICIES (ALMP) which are specifically developed for helping the unemployed youth, as well as displaced workers in order to reduce the frictional unemployment which the works face while they are looking for a transition from one job to another. The two main objectives that are intended to be fulfilled by the ALMPs are long term increase employment opportunities, and creation of jobs that match to the expectation and educational level of a worker in Malaysia. Thus the ALMPs are expected to reduce the incidence of brain drain from the country (Furuoka, and Munir,2014). . The government of Malaysia has also thinking of implementing Employment Insurance Scheme (EIS), which was announced in Budget 2015. The objective of introducing this holistic programme is to fulfil the same objectives of ALMP and additionally to deliver good career counselling services and training to the educated youths (eligible for jobs) for enhancing their opportunity to get a job. Public Employment Services should be provided for assessing the personalised needs of the job seeking workforce. Under this service employment plans are to be build to guarantee placements to the youth workforce as per their matching requirements. The process of job creation and matching of job is to be further facilitated by using the technology, as evidenced shows that popular Smartphone-based career applications portals and websites such as Switch, LinkedIn have become one of the primary options for the jobseekers to communicate with the employers regarding the skills and potential acquired by them. So measures are to be taken so that better application of technology can be made for finding the new talents in the job market of Malaysia. The government of Malaysia is taking steps so that more and more companies develop vocational training programs in partnership with the universities and other higher educational institutes so that the youths can receive an industry focused education during their graduation. The policy makers of the country are of opinion that in order to enhance the job opportunities for the workforce the indigenous companies have to reduce their dependencies over the foreign workers (Awad, and Youssof, 2016). The government of Malaysia has taken the measure to develop new start-ups that can recruit the fresh graduates irrespective of their level of experience. Thus from the above discussion it can be seen that Government of Malaysia has taken strong initiative to curb the problem of unemployment with in the country and majority of the initiatives have taken to solve the problem of youth educated unemployment as the educated youth constitutes 61% of the total unemployed workforce of the country. Finally along with the measures of controlling the problem of unemployment, the government of Malaysia should carry on the policy of trade liberalization so that a variety of economic activities can be created which will lead to creation of more jobs. Moreover the government should always maintain a favourable environment for foreign direct Investment so that the country can shield the economic growth from the problems of unemployment. The Malaysian economy is currently suffering from the issue of unemployment and the current rate of unemployment of the economy is 3.5%.The youth unemployment is the biggest issue or problem that is affecting the overall economic development of the nation. The youth unemployment is accounting 61% of the total unemployed workforce of the country( Lim, 2013). The problem of youth unemployment is a burning issue to the Malaysian Economy as in near future the staggering unemployment will lead to reduction in income expenditure. A decline in income and expenditure will lead to reduction of consumption demand and overall output and production of the country .Moreover the young unemployed who are the most vulnerable group to be affected by the presence of unemployment are losing their satisfaction and moral when they are failing to get a job in the job market which may lead to social unrest. The government of Malaysia is taking several initiatives like introducing vocational training opportunities and industry focused graduate training programme so that more and more fresh graduates can be included in the job world. These initiatives are being taken for controlling the presence of frictional and cyclical unemployment within the economy. References: Awad, A. and Youssof, I., 2016. The impact of economic globalisation on unemployment: The Malaysian experience.The Journal of International Trade Bekhet, H.A. and Mugableh, M.I., 2016. Blueprinting the equilibrium relationships between inward FDI and employment in the Malaysian economic sectors: time series models approach.Global Business and Economics Review,18(2), pp.136-150. Furuoka, F. and Munir, Q., 2014. Unemployment and Inflation in Malaysia: Evidence from Error Correction Model.Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE),1(1). Google.co.in. (2017).World Development Indicators-Google Public Data Explorer. [online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_met_y=ny_gdp_pcap_cdidim=country:MYS:IDN:THAhl=endl=en [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Ismail, N.A., 2011. Graduates' characteristics and unemployment: A study among Malaysian graduates.International journal of business and social science,2(16). Jomo, K.S., 2016.Growth and structural change in the Malaysian economy. Springer. Karimi, M.S. and Yusop, Z., 2009. FDI and economic growth in Malaysia. Kefela, G.T., 2010. Knowledge-based economy and society has become a vital commodity to countries.International NGO Journal,5(7), pp.160-166. Lim, H.E., 2013. Overeducation and happiness in the Malaysian graduate labour market.International Journal of Business and Society,14(1), p.93. Lim, H.E., 2017. Estimating Psychological Impact of Unemployment: the Case of Malaysian Graduates.Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies,47(1), pp.33-53. Lim, H.E., Rich, J. and Harris, M.N., 2008. Employment outcomes of graduates: the case of Universiti Utara, Malaysia.Asian Economic Journal,22(3), pp.321-341. Lucas, R.E. and Verry, D., 2016.Restructuring the Malaysian economy: Development and human resources. Springer. Lucas, R.E. and Verry, D., 2016.Restructuring the Malaysian economy: Development and human resources. Springer. Singh, G.K.G. and Singh, S.K.G., 2008. Malaysian graduates employability skills.UNITAR e-Journal,4(1), pp.15-45. Statista. (2017).Malaysia unemployment rate 2010-2020 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/319019/unemployment-rate-in-malaysia/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Statista. (2017).Malaysia unemployment rate 2010-2020 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/319019/unemployment-rate-in-malaysia/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Tang, C.F., 2009. The linkages among inflation, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Management,3(1), pp.50-61. Thestar.com.my. (2017).Young and jobless - Business News | The Star Online. [online] Available at: https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/03/27/young-and-jobless/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Woo, W.T., 2009. Getting Malaysia out of the middle-income trap. Zamberi Ahmad, S., 2013. The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia lower and higher learning institutions.Education+ Training,55(2), pp.191-203.

Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather Essay Example

Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather Essay To have read Willa Cather is to inevitably find some astute recognitions of your self in the life of her characters. Cather is greatly admired for by the reading public of her time, for having been able to give life to characters that are most particularly evident in the nature of real people in the course of their life. That is because: In this comment, Willa Cather argued for the purity of art, the need for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   artist to remain uncorrupted by demands and purposes that interfere with the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   aesthetic intent. Guided by such principles, she combined precise descriptive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   skill and insight into the subtleties of human character with a disciplined and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   beautiful prose style to fashion a group of novels and short stories that have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   earned her a permanent place among the great writers of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://wps.abl ongman.com) Taking into study five short stories namely On the Divide, Paul’s Case, A Death in the Desert, The Marriage of Phaedra, and A Wagner Matinee, Cather showcases her ineffable skill in fiction writing with her surprisingly poetic and very descriptive narrations of ordinary life turning them into remarkable stories of personal struggles, yet some ending in tragedy. But, notable above all, is her excellent craft in characterization and how she clearly molds one character into becoming a totally disparate character, particularly the character of her protagonists, which any reader would have not thought of while immersed in the readings. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Protagonists of Willa Cather specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For one, Cather has an immense ability to give her protagonist definite descriptions of their physical attributes that amount to the nature of their character as is swiftly seen on the whole process of reading the story. With this, her protagonists are initially presented as mad men engaged in their own crazy world that other people cannot decipher. Take for example the story of On the Divide, the protagonist Canute is described as a big-framed guy with worn-out hair and a habit of drinking alcohol who lives alone in the wild plains. The story says: But he was not a social man by nature and had not the power of drawing out   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the social side of other people. His new neighbors rather feared him because of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   his great strength and size, his silence and his lowering brows. Perhaps, too,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   they knew that he was mad, mad from the eternal treachery of the plains.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Faulkner 493-504) With his physical descriptions and lifestyle, talks about his madness circle the neighborhood and frighten people. Thus, he is perceived by his neighbors to have the ability to hurt other neighbors. Another specific example is the story Paul’s Case wherein the protagonist Paul is depicted as a very tall and thin delinquent student who constantly makes his teachers agreeably feel a certain kind of dislike for him: His clothes were a trifle outgrown and the tan velvet on the collar of his open   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   overcoat was frayed and worn; but for all that there was something of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   dandy about him, and he wore an opal pin in his neatly knotted black four-in-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   hand, and a red carnation in his buttonhole. This latter adornment the faculty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   somehow felt was not properly significant of the contrite spirit befitting a boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   under the ban of suspension. (Faulkner 243-261) The nature of the protagonists in these stories is haunted by an air of madness which at first would make any reader think if they are the protagonists at all. But to say that a protagonist is perceived as one from the beginning of the story till the end is not true to all literary writing. There are times when a character transformation is technically imbued in the process of becoming an authentic protagonist. As I have said, Canute has initially been seen as the enemy of the neighbors. But along the way of his meeting Lena, the daughter of a new family neighbor who is not afraid of him, he is tamed by his feelings for her. Despite all the bullying and mockery from Lena, her family, and the neighbors for his unrequited love, he pursues his love for her by forcing marriage and showing her that he is a man of worth with a good heart, too. This Lena finds out at the end of the story when she finally surrenders and reveals to Canute that she would rather have him than any of her family during that very first cold night together. Canute reveals his soft personality by crying over what Lena has said, and finally winning Lena to believe his sincere love for her. As a reader, Canute’s character at the end has changed my perception of him, from a mad and solitary man into a man of good heart also in need of a companion in life. And Cather has proven her ability in creating a wonderful character development of her protagonist with Canute as a specific example. Another obvious nature of Cather’s protagonists is how these men readily seek comfort and share with the sufferings of women in their lives like the protagonists Everett and Clark in the stories A Death in the Desert and Wagner Matinee, respectively. Everett is a man caught up in the shadows of his famous elder brother musician who is often mistaken for him all his life. Even in love, Everett takes up the role of what his brother failed to do for her long time musician friend Katharine who is struck by a sickness that is about to take her to death. It was not the first time that his duty had been to comfort of the broken things   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   his brothers imperious speed had cast aside and forgotten. He made no   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   attempt to analyse the situation or to state it in exact terms; but he felt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Katharine Gaylords need for him, and he accepted it as a commission from his   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   brother to help this woman to die. (Faulkner 199-217) Everett, having been in love with Katharine since the old days, willingly shares his time to be with her and finally expresses how she meant in his life all along despite the fact that Katharine remains in love with his brother Adriance. On the other hand, Clark fulfills his naturally good protagonist character like Everett to his Aunt Georgina who has been graciously good to her. Clark says, â€Å"I owed to this woman most of the good that ever came my way in my boyhood, and had a reverential affection for her† (Faulkner 219-234). Clark displays his affection for the old lady as soon as he sees the weary look on her face and the disappointing evidence age and farm life have manifested in her body structure and manner of dressing. Grateful as ever for his Aunt’s goodness, Clark tries to repay it by bringing her to a musical show, the Wagner Matinee. Clueless of how his Aunt Georgina would react after long sad years of having been away from this kind of life, Clark watches her intently and finds out that her soul has been rekindled again by the wonderful music. Aunt Georgina cries to him and wishes not to go back home to the lonely farm. Everett and Clark are clear validations of the natural protagonists from the very beginning till the closing of the story as opposed to the characters of Canute and Paul. By their efforts to uplift the downtrodden states of these long-suffering women, that gives me as a reader a sense of admiration for Everett and Clark’s characters, which should be the case for observing natures of a protagonist. Perhaps, the very similar characteristic of Cather’s protagonists in the five stories mentioned earlier is their attachment to the arts. From Paul’s case to Everett to Clark, all involved in the magic of music, to MacMaster in The Marriage of Phaedra, associated in the art of painting. Theirs is a case of redemption found in the arms of music and painting. If there’s one story that comes short of my expectations, it is MacMaster’s character. His character is not extensively explored, except for his association with paintings and his similar appreciation of beauty in women like Everett and Canute, or at least in other minute details such as having shy nature like the other character-protagonists. Probably the revealing protagonist nature of MacMaster is only witnessed when, from being hesitant to get involved in personal matters of his late painter-friend Treffinger, he finally submits to James’ wish to help save the last unfinished painting of their friend Treffinger from being sold by the late painter’s wife, the Lady Ellen. But at one point, the reader might also share my sentiments that, maybe, James also divides with MacMaster the limelight of being a protagonist. Because despite his uncanny manner and speech, he has always been the one who continues to bring into life Treffinger’s last wish and forces MacMaster to talk to Lady Ellen about it from the start of the story. However, the question now lies not in who is the protagonist? But how do we characterize a protagonist during Cather’s time and in this contemporary time? Well, in my perspective, there may be a difference in the fiction’s time lines but the nature of an authentic protagonist stays the same. A modern-day protagonist, hero, or heroine for that matter is someone who is able to confront his weaknesses as a human being and be able to overcome it in time. Despite being beset with so many shortfalls in his or her nature, the so-called protagonist transforms this negative behavior and finds his way into transforming other people as well. Aside from this, the modern-day hero should be one who is eager enough to uplift the lowly conditions of other people without awaiting anything in return. Eventually, he or she finds redemption for himself or herself and for other men as well. Anybody can be a modern-day hero. You do not have to be a politician to serve the needs of the citizens. You do not have to be a preacher to transform the lives of your fellow men. Sad to say, but sometimes these same people who are placed in the highest levels of position are the ones who fail to show what it truly means to be a hero. Yet, this should not let us stop from seeking the hero that has been missing in our lives. Continue looking within or around you, who knows a modern-day hero could possibly only be hiding in the worn-out clothes of scavengers.